nature and scope of pr

anurag87

Par 100 posts (V.I.P)
PROJECT REPORT ON

Definition, nature and Scope of Public relation

Definition
The term Public Relations was first coined by the US President Thomas Jefferson. He used the term during his address to Congress in 1807.
Precursors to public relations are found in publicists who specialized in promoting circuses, theatrical performances, and other public spectacles. In the United States, where public relations has its origins, many early PR practices were developed in support of the expansive power of the railroads. In fact, many scholars believe that the first appearance of the term "public relations" appeared in the 1897 Year Book of Railway Literature.
Edward Bernays is generally regarded today as the profession's founder. In describing the origin of the term Public Relations, Bernays commented, "When I came back to the United States, I decided that if you could use propaganda for war, you could certainly use it for peace. And propaganda got to be a bad word because of the Germans.. using it. So what I did was to try to find some other words, so we found the words Council on Public Relations".
One of the earliest definitions of PR was coined by Edward Bernays. According to him, "Public Relations is a management function which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interest of an organization followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. "
According to two American PR professionals Scott M. Cutlips and Allen H. Center, "PR is a planned effort to influence opinion through good character and responsible performance based upon mutual satisfactory two-way communication".
Public relations is the art and science of managing communication between an organization and its key constituents to build, manage, and sustain its positive image.
Public relations is the process of aligning the perceptions of targeted audiences (or publics) with the current realities and reasonable prospects of another entity.
Public relations is about building public relationships.
Public relations involves:
1. Evaluation of public attitudes and opinions.
2. Formulation and implementation of an organization's procedures and policy regarding communication with its publics.
3. Coordination of communications programs.
4. Developing rapport and good-will through a two way communication process.
5. Fostering a positive relationship between an organization and its public constituents.

Examples include:
• Corporations use marketing public relations (MPR) to convey information about the products they manufacture or services they provide to potential customers to support their direct sales efforts. Typically, they support sales in the short and long term, establishing and burnishing the corporation's branding for a strong, ongoing market.
• Corporations also use public-relations as a vehicle to reach legislators and other politicians, seeking favorable tax, regulatory, and other treatment, and they may use public relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of human-resources recruiting programs.
• Non-profit organizations, including schools and universities, hospitals, and human and social service agencies, use public relations in support of awareness programs, fund-raising programs, staff recruiting, and to increase patronage of their services.
• Politicians use public relations to attract votes and raise money, and, when successful at the ballot box, to promote and defend their service in office, with an eye to the next election or, at career’s end, to their legacy.
PR has had many definitions over the years and since its early boom days of the 1980s has almost entirely redefined itself. This is probably because most clients these days are far too media-savvy to think that fluffy ideas and champagne parties constitute a good media service (of course this is a good thing, but we do still like a good champagne party).
PR these days is often misunderstood, and it’s probably the fault of the PR industry itself that most people aren’t sure where PR is supposed to stop and marketing, advertising, branding and all the other media services begin.
Put very simply, good PR encourages the media (newspapers, magazines, TV and radio) to say good things about your product/service or whatever it is that you want to promote so that more people buy your product/use your services/think you’re great.
Of course, most PR companies have a team that will come from a mixture of media backgrounds and may be able to offer all sorts of PR-related services such as branding, marketing, copywriting and advertising. That can make defining pure PR all the more confusing for the client.

NATURE AND FORM OF PUBLIC RELATION


No one can provide a magic formula for figuring out what form and nature of PR and organization will need. The approaches are many but the time constrains and budget limitation will prevent the organization or the PR person from pursuing all the avenues at one and the same time. It would be sensible to decide about specific jobs which are relevant to particular PR programmes for an organization.

In any kind of human activity may it be in industry, commerce, education, health, local government or social service, they need to understand and use public relations and communication. Public relations involve two-way communication between an organization and its public. It requires listening to the constituencies on which an organization depends as well as analyzing and understanding the attitudes and behaviors of those audiences. Only then can an organization undertake an effective public relations campaign.

Public relations should be seen as a management function in any organization. An effective communication, or public relations, plan for an organization is developed to communicate to an audience (whether internal or external publics) in such a way the message coincides with organizational goals and seeks to benefit mutual interests whenever possible.
Form of communication that is primarily directed to image building and that tends to deal with issues rather than specifically with products or services. Public relations uses publicity that does not necessitate payment in a wide variety of media and is often placed as news or items of public interest.
It would be better to make a checklist to find out the exactly the organization wants and what the PR person himself wants to achieve.





1) Extent of PR function

To what extent the organizations use public relation? The PR function should be recognized as central to good management and able to act as a unifying force within the organization and in the way it’s itself. That way a schedule of activity can become campaign and a campaign can become a programme.

2) Level of PR function

This depends on the nature of business or services being provided by the organization. The point to think is corporations can be longer operating in an environment of confrontation. They must have the acceptance of the government and the citizens. Moreover, in handling sensitive issues, corporate management cannot do away with social, cultural, economic and political ethos existing in the community.

3) Target public

‘How to handle the target public’ is a frequently raised question for PR person. It has been acknowledged by the management that the PR person is a necessary link between the management and the various publics (audience). Fortunate this trust has arisen out of the services rendered by PR as a professional.


4) Maintaining goodwill

In the long run goodwill always pays. In the early days business and industry could function in total secrecy without public scrutiny. In the present competitive society all sections of the economy i.e. private or public are under constant public gaze. It is equally important to guard the reputation once earned.



5) Evaluation of work

PR person should always evaluate himself in his work environment. He should always appraise his own competence, acknowledge potential weakness and thereafter seek expert advice. One should be aware of and be sensitive to cultural environment or which one is working. While improving his professional capability a public relation person has to recognize his organizations responsibility


6) General areas of objectives

It is mainly known as which and what are the particular PR objectives do we tend to achieve. It mainly consists of changes we want to bring about. Terms like market standing, innovation, work performance and attitude and Public responsibilities are mainly comes in PR.


7) Communication skills

Managing the strategy and skills of communication are an integral part of business policy and decision making. Ultimately, PR is involved in the management of organization behavior and also of the public important to them. PR decides about the methods and media of communication and when and how to use the target public.

THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC RELATION


Public relation is a window of the corporation through which management can monitor external changes and simultaneously a window through which society can affect corporate policy.


Today most social conflicts are caused by changing values and higher expectation from the superiors.


We find regular conflicts between employer-employee consumer-manufacturer, management-shareholders, citizens-government and so on due to misconception and misunderstandings. These are generally the major challenges where public relation practitioners can play a crucial role. They should get to know the psychology of the public mind and acquire skill in solving and also avoiding such conflicts.


In our market economy there are information gaps which cannot be filled by the interaction of supply and demand via . cost, wages or prices. Here public relations activity steps in. It provides relevant information on planning technical and organizational developments, inventions and their potential utilization, etc.


The relations activity is becoming more and more important for the procurement of economically essential production factors. It makes it easier to tap the money-market or financing their projects by issuing bonds or shares.


If the corporation cultivates public relations, it is easier for them to acquire land from a community and bring in own interest in harmony with these of the community. Today the
public relation profession has even entered into the fields of non-commercial organizations, government departments, hospitals, universities and other non profit organizations. According to Edward L. Bernays, the fundamental laws and the necessity of public relation may be expressed in three words, information, adjustment and integration.


The scope of public relation is wide and also include political filed. Entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, social workers, religions, leaders are all involved in public relations day in and day out.


In business public relation is tool of management like marketing, production and finance. It is investing and creating asset for an organization which is finally reflected in improved performance profitability, and growth of the organization.


Successful public relation can be measured by its ability to convert negative situations into positive ones.


Public relations can do the following:


(a) Help win friends, influence people, persuade individuals, groups and in difficult situation bring about goodwill where needed and maintain goodwill where it is existing.

(b) Create and build up image and reputation of individual, organization and nation.


(c) Public relations can bring out reward of mutual understanding and risks involved in misunderstanding between individuals, groups, government and nation.

(d) Help the public to love life and work for better or for worse without condition.


(e) Forestall attacks by opponents or competitors.

(f) Counsel employees to recognize that as human beings they are more of a complete structure.


(g) The possible areas where public relation plays its role. Promotional opportunity, new image, competitive challenge, rumour, crisis, conflict of interest, ineffective communication.


CASE STUDY
AirDefense launched the wireless LAN security market in 2001 and today continues to provide the most advanced solutions for rogue wireless detection, policy enforcement and intrusion prevention, both inside and outside an organization’s physical locations and wired networks. Today, more than 500 enterprises and organizations including Global 1000 corporations, government, healthcare, financial service and retail organizations rely on the comprehensive suite of AirDefense solutions to protect their investment in deploying wireless networks.

Business Challenge
In May 2004, AirDefense wanted to raise the visibility of the company at a time when the wireless LAN detection industry was becoming crowded with several competitors. Increasing visibility on a consistent basis would provide the sales team with media coverage and analyst commentary to further validate for customers and prospects the comprehensiveness of AirDefense’s enterprise wide wireless LAN detection/prevention platform.

PR Strategy to help Air defense.
• It would be beter to give leverage AirDefense’s pioneer status in the wireless LAN security market by introducing the company and its founders to reporters/editors as the company that was the first in the industry to realize the importance of securing wireless networks.

• It is also critical to push the “first-to-market” message with the media because the industry was getting crowded with competitors and reporters could then easily differentiate between the “established” leader, AirDefense, and the upstarts joining the market.

• It has to create a “drumbeat” approach with press releases, which included product news, new customers and partnerships. It is also felt one way for AirDefense to stay ahead in the growing field was to keep the company in the news on a regular basis. This required that a detailed press release schedule be planned out three-to-four months in advance, so deadlines could be met and at a minimum three press releases be issued each month.

• It can also begin positioning Founder, President and CEO and other C-level executives as experts in the wireless LAN security market, and further positioned them to discuss the challenges facing companies deploying wireless networks.
 
I always wanted to pursue my career in PR, but now I,completely selected some different field,i would like to give you information about Pr not using any sources but explain you in short description.


Pr person is the mediator between client and media and manages both of them at the same time.Pr requires lot of convincing power and fluent English and effective communication.
 
PROJECT REPORT ON

Definition, nature and Scope of Public relation

Definition
The term Public Relations was first coined by the US President Thomas Jefferson. He used the term during his address to Congress in 1807.
Precursors to public relations are found in publicists who specialized in promoting circuses, theatrical performances, and other public spectacles. In the United States, where public relations has its origins, many early PR practices were developed in support of the expansive power of the railroads. In fact, many scholars believe that the first appearance of the term "public relations" appeared in the 1897 Year Book of Railway Literature.
Edward Bernays is generally regarded today as the profession's founder. In describing the origin of the term Public Relations, Bernays commented, "When I came back to the United States, I decided that if you could use propaganda for war, you could certainly use it for peace. And propaganda got to be a bad word because of the Germans.. using it. So what I did was to try to find some other words, so we found the words Council on Public Relations".
One of the earliest definitions of PR was coined by Edward Bernays. According to him, "Public Relations is a management function which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interest of an organization followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. "
According to two American PR professionals Scott M. Cutlips and Allen H. Center, "PR is a planned effort to influence opinion through good character and responsible performance based upon mutual satisfactory two-way communication".
Public relations is the art and science of managing communication between an organization and its key constituents to build, manage, and sustain its positive image.
Public relations is the process of aligning the perceptions of targeted audiences (or publics) with the current realities and reasonable prospects of another entity.
Public relations is about building public relationships.
Public relations involves:
1. Evaluation of public attitudes and opinions.
2. Formulation and implementation of an organization's procedures and policy regarding communication with its publics.
3. Coordination of communications programs.
4. Developing rapport and good-will through a two way communication process.
5. Fostering a positive relationship between an organization and its public constituents.

Examples include:
• Corporations use marketing public relations (MPR) to convey information about the products they manufacture or services they provide to potential customers to support their direct sales efforts. Typically, they support sales in the short and long term, establishing and burnishing the corporation's branding for a strong, ongoing market.
• Corporations also use public-relations as a vehicle to reach legislators and other politicians, seeking favorable tax, regulatory, and other treatment, and they may use public relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of human-resources recruiting programs.
• Non-profit organizations, including schools and universities, hospitals, and human and social service agencies, use public relations in support of awareness programs, fund-raising programs, staff recruiting, and to increase patronage of their services.
• Politicians use public relations to attract votes and raise money, and, when successful at the ballot box, to promote and defend their service in office, with an eye to the next election or, at career’s end, to their legacy.
PR has had many definitions over the years and since its early boom days of the 1980s has almost entirely redefined itself. This is probably because most clients these days are far too media-savvy to think that fluffy ideas and champagne parties constitute a good media service (of course this is a good thing, but we do still like a good champagne party).
PR these days is often misunderstood, and it’s probably the fault of the PR industry itself that most people aren’t sure where PR is supposed to stop and marketing, advertising, branding and all the other media services begin.
Put very simply, good PR encourages the media (newspapers, magazines, TV and radio) to say good things about your product/service or whatever it is that you want to promote so that more people buy your product/use your services/think you’re great.
Of course, most PR companies have a team that will come from a mixture of media backgrounds and may be able to offer all sorts of PR-related services such as branding, marketing, copywriting and advertising. That can make defining pure PR all the more confusing for the client.

NATURE AND FORM OF PUBLIC RELATION


No one can provide a magic formula for figuring out what form and nature of PR and organization will need. The approaches are many but the time constrains and budget limitation will prevent the organization or the PR person from pursuing all the avenues at one and the same time. It would be sensible to decide about specific jobs which are relevant to particular PR programmes for an organization.

In any kind of human activity may it be in industry, commerce, education, health, local government or social service, they need to understand and use public relations and communication. Public relations involve two-way communication between an organization and its public. It requires listening to the constituencies on which an organization depends as well as analyzing and understanding the attitudes and behaviors of those audiences. Only then can an organization undertake an effective public relations campaign.

Public relations should be seen as a management function in any organization. An effective communication, or public relations, plan for an organization is developed to communicate to an audience (whether internal or external publics) in such a way the message coincides with organizational goals and seeks to benefit mutual interests whenever possible.
Form of communication that is primarily directed to image building and that tends to deal with issues rather than specifically with products or services. Public relations uses publicity that does not necessitate payment in a wide variety of media and is often placed as news or items of public interest.
It would be better to make a checklist to find out the exactly the organization wants and what the PR person himself wants to achieve.





1) Extent of PR function

To what extent the organizations use public relation? The PR function should be recognized as central to good management and able to act as a unifying force within the organization and in the way it’s itself. That way a schedule of activity can become campaign and a campaign can become a programme.

2) Level of PR function

This depends on the nature of business or services being provided by the organization. The point to think is corporations can be longer operating in an environment of confrontation. They must have the acceptance of the government and the citizens. Moreover, in handling sensitive issues, corporate management cannot do away with social, cultural, economic and political ethos existing in the community.

3) Target public

‘How to handle the target public’ is a frequently raised question for PR person. It has been acknowledged by the management that the PR person is a necessary link between the management and the various publics (audience). Fortunate this trust has arisen out of the services rendered by PR as a professional.


4) Maintaining goodwill

In the long run goodwill always pays. In the early days business and industry could function in total secrecy without public scrutiny. In the present competitive society all sections of the economy i.e. private or public are under constant public gaze. It is equally important to guard the reputation once earned.



5) Evaluation of work

PR person should always evaluate himself in his work environment. He should always appraise his own competence, acknowledge potential weakness and thereafter seek expert advice. One should be aware of and be sensitive to cultural environment or which one is working. While improving his professional capability a public relation person has to recognize his organizations responsibility


6) General areas of objectives

It is mainly known as which and what are the particular PR objectives do we tend to achieve. It mainly consists of changes we want to bring about. Terms like market standing, innovation, work performance and attitude and Public responsibilities are mainly comes in PR.


7) Communication skills

Managing the strategy and skills of communication are an integral part of business policy and decision making. Ultimately, PR is involved in the management of organization behavior and also of the public important to them. PR decides about the methods and media of communication and when and how to use the target public.

THE SCOPE OF PUBLIC RELATION


Public relation is a window of the corporation through which management can monitor external changes and simultaneously a window through which society can affect corporate policy.


Today most social conflicts are caused by changing values and higher expectation from the superiors.


We find regular conflicts between employer-employee consumer-manufacturer, management-shareholders, citizens-government and so on due to misconception and misunderstandings. These are generally the major challenges where public relation practitioners can play a crucial role. They should get to know the psychology of the public mind and acquire skill in solving and also avoiding such conflicts.


In our market economy there are information gaps which cannot be filled by the interaction of supply and demand via . cost, wages or prices. Here public relations activity steps in. It provides relevant information on planning technical and organizational developments, inventions and their potential utilization, etc.


The relations activity is becoming more and more important for the procurement of economically essential production factors. It makes it easier to tap the money-market or financing their projects by issuing bonds or shares.


If the corporation cultivates public relations, it is easier for them to acquire land from a community and bring in own interest in harmony with these of the community. Today the
public relation profession has even entered into the fields of non-commercial organizations, government departments, hospitals, universities and other non profit organizations. According to Edward L. Bernays, the fundamental laws and the necessity of public relation may be expressed in three words, information, adjustment and integration.


The scope of public relation is wide and also include political filed. Entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, social workers, religions, leaders are all involved in public relations day in and day out.


In business public relation is tool of management like marketing, production and finance. It is investing and creating asset for an organization which is finally reflected in improved performance profitability, and growth of the organization.


Successful public relation can be measured by its ability to convert negative situations into positive ones.


Public relations can do the following:


(a) Help win friends, influence people, persuade individuals, groups and in difficult situation bring about goodwill where needed and maintain goodwill where it is existing.

(b) Create and build up image and reputation of individual, organization and nation.


(c) Public relations can bring out reward of mutual understanding and risks involved in misunderstanding between individuals, groups, government and nation.

(d) Help the public to love life and work for better or for worse without condition.


(e) Forestall attacks by opponents or competitors.

(f) Counsel employees to recognize that as human beings they are more of a complete structure.


(g) The possible areas where public relation plays its role. Promotional opportunity, new image, competitive challenge, rumour, crisis, conflict of interest, ineffective communication.


CASE STUDY
AirDefense launched the wireless LAN security market in 2001 and today continues to provide the most advanced solutions for rogue wireless detection, policy enforcement and intrusion prevention, both inside and outside an organization’s physical locations and wired networks. Today, more than 500 enterprises and organizations including Global 1000 corporations, government, healthcare, financial service and retail organizations rely on the comprehensive suite of AirDefense solutions to protect their investment in deploying wireless networks.

Business Challenge
In May 2004, AirDefense wanted to raise the visibility of the company at a time when the wireless LAN detection industry was becoming crowded with several competitors. Increasing visibility on a consistent basis would provide the sales team with media coverage and analyst commentary to further validate for customers and prospects the comprehensiveness of AirDefense’s enterprise wide wireless LAN detection/prevention platform.

PR Strategy to help Air defense.
• It would be beter to give leverage AirDefense’s pioneer status in the wireless LAN security market by introducing the company and its founders to reporters/editors as the company that was the first in the industry to realize the importance of securing wireless networks.

• It is also critical to push the “first-to-market” message with the media because the industry was getting crowded with competitors and reporters could then easily differentiate between the “established” leader, AirDefense, and the upstarts joining the market.

• It has to create a “drumbeat” approach with press releases, which included product news, new customers and partnerships. It is also felt one way for AirDefense to stay ahead in the growing field was to keep the company in the news on a regular basis. This required that a detailed press release schedule be planned out three-to-four months in advance, so deadlines could be met and at a minimum three press releases be issued each month.

• It can also begin positioning Founder, President and CEO and other C-level executives as experts in the wireless LAN security market, and further positioned them to discuss the challenges facing companies deploying wireless networks.

Hey anurag, thanks for sharing such a nice information and explaining about the nature and scope of public relation and its benefits. I am also adding a document of 33 page which will give you detailed information on public relation.
 

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