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Retail consists of the sale of goods or merchandise from a fixed location, such as a department store, boutique or kiosk, or by mail, in small or individual lots for direct consumption by the purchaser.[1]
Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. In commerce, a "retailer" buys goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategy. The term "retailer" is also applied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such as a public utility, like electric power.
Shops may be on residential streets, shopping streets with few or no houses or in a shopping mall. Shopping streets may be for pedestrians only. Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to protect customers from precipitation. Online retailing, a type of electronic commerce used for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions and mail order, are forms of non-shop retailing.
Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it is done as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping (just looking, not buying) and browsing and does not always result in a purchase.
Political
Environmental regulations and protection
Tax policies
Interest rates & monetary policies
Contract enforcement law
Consumer protection
Employment laws
Government organization / attitude
Competition regulation
Political Stability
Safety regulations
Economic
Economic growth
Interest rates & monetary policies
Government spending
Unemployment policy
Taxation
Exchange rates
Inflation rates
Stage of the business cycle
Consumer confidence
Social
Income distribution
Demographics, Population growth rates, Age distribution
Labor / social mobility
Lifestyle changes
Work/career and leisure attitudes
Entrepreneurial spirit
Education
Fashion, hypes
Health consciousness & welfare, feelings on safety
Living conditions
Technological
Government research spending
Industry focus on technological effort
New inventions and development
Rate of technology transfer
Life cycle and speed of technological obsolescence
Energy use and costs
(Changes in) Information Technology
(Changes in) Internet
Changes inMobileTechnology
Retailing may include subordinated services, such as delivery. Purchasers may be individuals or businesses. In commerce, a "retailer" buys goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells smaller quantities to the end-user. Retail establishments are often called shops or stores. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturing marketers see the process of retailing as a necessary part of their overall distribution strategy. The term "retailer" is also applied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such as a public utility, like electric power.
Shops may be on residential streets, shopping streets with few or no houses or in a shopping mall. Shopping streets may be for pedestrians only. Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to protect customers from precipitation. Online retailing, a type of electronic commerce used for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions and mail order, are forms of non-shop retailing.
Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it is done as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping (just looking, not buying) and browsing and does not always result in a purchase.
Political
Environmental regulations and protection
Tax policies
Interest rates & monetary policies
Contract enforcement law
Consumer protection
Employment laws
Government organization / attitude
Competition regulation
Political Stability
Safety regulations
Economic
Economic growth
Interest rates & monetary policies
Government spending
Unemployment policy
Taxation
Exchange rates
Inflation rates
Stage of the business cycle
Consumer confidence
Social
Income distribution
Demographics, Population growth rates, Age distribution
Labor / social mobility
Lifestyle changes
Work/career and leisure attitudes
Entrepreneurial spirit
Education
Fashion, hypes
Health consciousness & welfare, feelings on safety
Living conditions
Technological
Government research spending
Industry focus on technological effort
New inventions and development
Rate of technology transfer
Life cycle and speed of technological obsolescence
Energy use and costs
(Changes in) Information Technology
(Changes in) Internet
Changes inMobileTechnology
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