Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) is a major American military contractor and industrial corporation with core manufacturing concentrations in weapons and military and commercial electronics. It was previously involved in corporate and special-mission aircraft until early 2007. Raytheon is the world's largest producer of guided missiles.[2]
Established in 1922, the company reincorporated in 1928 and adopted its present name in 1959. The company has around 72,000 employees worldwide and annual revenues of approximately US$25 billion. More than 90% of Raytheon's revenues were obtained from military contracts and, as of 2007, it was the fifth-largest military contractor in the world,[3] and is the fourth largest defense contractor in the United States by revenue.
Raytheon Headquarters was moved from Lexington, Massachusetts to Waltham, Massachusetts on October 27, 2003.[4] The company was previously headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1922–1928, Newton, Massachusetts from 1928–1941, Waltham from 1941–1961, Lexington from 1961–2003, and back to Waltham from 2003 onwards.

Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN) is the fourth largest U.S. defense contractor ($24.88 billion in revenue in 2009) and has a diverse business mix of attractive products with a focus in electronics. The company specializes in manufacturing radars and elector-optical sensors (airborne, naval and ground based), missiles, satellite sensors, radios and digital communication systems, and missile defense. Raytheon diversifies in smaller subcontracts and relies on international contracts more than any of its competitors. Some of its better known contracts include the DDG - 1000 (a Navy Destroyer model), the Tomahawk Cruise Missile, and the Patriot Missile.

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, the price of Raytheon stock has been on a steady march upward. The company has benefited from the increased government spending on military technology that has accompanied a period of rising geopolitical conflict. The United States government is Raytheon's principal customer, accounting for nearly 80% of total sales. Such heavy reliance on one source for income is softened by the company's strong diversification in small contracts; the loss of one program would not significantly affect the company's business. However, Raytheon is still not immune to political changes. Traditionally, Raytheon has preferred Republican political victories since a Republic-led government has led to increased defense spending. The U.S. government continues to amplify its involvement in defense spending, creating a steady flow of income for Raytheon. Building high-tech weapon and electronics systems is an industry that few can compete in, creating a significant competitive moat for Raytheon and its competitors. Furthermore, it is in the U.S. government's interest to ensure that each of its contractors turns a profit and produces at the highest technological level, compelling the government to send plenty of contracts Raytheon's way.

Contents
1 Company Overview
1.1 Business and Financial Metrics
1.2 Business Segments
1.2.1 Integrated Defense Systems[1]
1.2.2 Intelligence and Information Systems[1]
1.2.3 Missile Systems[1]
1.2.4 Network Centric Systems[1]
1.2.5 Space and Airborne Systems[1]
1.2.6 Technical Services[1]
1.3 Customers
1.3.1 United States Government
1.3.2 Foreign Governments
1.3.3 Civilian and Non-Federal Organizations
2 Trends and Forces
2.1 Government Defense Spending
2.2 Foreign Markets
2.3 Pensions
2.4 Adaptability
3 Competitors
4 References
Typical of the defense industry, Raytheon must negotiate extremely high operating costs. Not to mention, enormous pension obligations make the company susceptible to changes in interest rates.

In October 2009, the Company acquired BBN Technologies Corp. and related entities.[1]

Company Overview

Business and Financial Metrics
Second Quarter 2010 Results[2]

Raytheon announced second quarter 2010 adjusted EPS of $1.36 per diluted share, compared to $1.22 per diluted share in the second quarter 2009. Second quarter 2010 income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon was $0.56 per diluted share compared to $1.24 per diluted share in the second quarter 2009. Net sales for the quarter were $6.0 billion. Net sales in the second quarter 2009 were $6.1 billion.

Second quarter 2010 income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon included a ($395) million before-tax unfavorable adjustment, ($274) million after-tax or ($0.71) per diluted share, due to the previously announced program termination notice received by Raytheon Systems Limited on July 22, 2010 from the UK Border Agency.

Business Segments
Integrated Defense Systems[1]
IDS provides integrated solutions to an international and domestic customer base. IDS leverages its knowledge and capabilities in sensors, command, control and communication (C3), effects and mission support, to provide integrated naval, air and missile defense and civil security response solutions. Its major domestic customers include the United States Navy, Army and Air Force, and the United States Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Its major international customers include Japan, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Taiwan, Australia, Germany, Korea and Finland. IDS’s principal product lines include Seapower Capability Systems (SCS), National and Theater Security Programs (NTSP), Patriot Programs (PP), Civil Security and Response Programs (CSRP), Global Business Operations (GBO) and Intelligence and Information Systems (IIS).

Intelligence and Information Systems[1]

IIS is a provider of intelligence and information solutions specializing in ground processing, unmanned ground systems, cybersecurity solutions, homeland/civil security and other markets. Approximately half of its business is for classified customers. Other customers include the United States Intelligence Community, United States Department of Defense (DoD) agencies, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) and the United Kingdom Home Office. During 2009, IIS reorganized its business operations, and as a result, it operates under the six product lines serving customers, including intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), DoD/civil space, intelligence operations support, cybersecurity, environmental solutions and civil security. IIS’s principal product lines include Mission Operations Solutions (MOS), Operational Technologies and Solutions (OTS), Ground Enterprise Solutions (GES), Defense and Civil Mission Solutions (DCMS), Information Security Solutions (ISS) and Advanced Programs.

Missile Systems[1]
MS is a developer and producer of missile systems for the armed forces of the United States and other allied nations. MS develops and supports a range of cutting edge weapon systems, including missiles, smart munitions, close in weapons systems, projectiles, kinetic kill vehicles and directed energy effectors. Its customers include the United States Navy, Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, the MDA and the armed forces of more than 40 allied nations. MS’ principal product lines include Naval Weapon Systems (NWS), Air Warfare Systems (AWS), Land Combat and Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV).

Network Centric Systems[1]
NCS is a provider of net-centric mission solutions for government and civil customers. NCS leverages its capabilities in networking, command and control, and communications to develop and produce solutions for customers, including the United States Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps and other government customers, as well as numerous international customers. Raytheon BBN Technologies is a research partner with the DoD and a provider of solutions for national defense and security missions, such as the Wireless Network After Next (WNaN) program. Raytheon BBN Technologies also provides Boomerang, a deployed sniper detection system that provides real-time target directions to combat teams. NCS’ principal product lines include Combat Systems (CS), Integrated Communications Systems (ICS), Command and Control Systems (C2S), Thales-Raytheon Systems, LLC (TRS) and Operations and Precision Components (OPC).

Space and Airborne Systems[1]
SAS is engaged in the design and development of integrated systems and solutions for advanced missions, including traditional and non-traditional intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), precision engagement, unmanned aerial operations and space. SAS provides electro-optical/infrared sensors, airborne radars for surveillance and fire control applications, lasers, precision guidance systems, processors, electronic warfare systems and space-qualified systems for civil and military applications. Its customers include the United States Navy, Air Force and Army, as well as classified and international customers. SAS’ principal product lines includes Tactical Airborne Systems (TAS), Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems (ISRS) and Space Systems (SS).

Technical Services[1]
TS provides a spectrum of technical, scientific and professional services to defense, federal, international and commercial customers worldwide. It specializes in training, logistics, engineering services, product support and operational support services. TS provides solutions for mission support, homeland security, space, civil aviation, counterproliferation and counterterrorism markets. Its customers include all branches of the United States Armed Forces, as well as the DHS, NASA, FAA, Department of Energy, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and international governments. TS’ principal product lines include Integrated Support Solutions (ISS), Customized Engineering & Depot Support (CEDS), Warfighter FOCUS, Raytheon Professional Services (RPS) and Raytheon Polar Services.

Customers
United States Government
Roughly 78% of Raytheon's revenue comes from the U.S. government. Broken down by military branch, the company is well diversified, with the Navy accounting for 25% of sales, the Army 20%, the Air Force 15%, and other government defense programs representing 17% of sales. Raytheon has facilitated a push by the military branches to be more agile and networked this push by expanding upon its four established areas of expertise: Homeland Security, Missile Defense, Precision Engagement, and Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance.

As a leader in missile detection and guidance technology, Raytheon has cemented itself as a key player in developing a ballistic missile defense system for the United States and its allies. With extensive experience in developing precision munitions, missiles, radar systems, and other sensors, Raytheon continues to win contracts in the thousands of smaller programs that combine to form the bulk of the company's business. Cuts in large programs like the production of the F/A-22 have little impact on Raytheon due to its highly limited and specific role in large programs and strong diversification in smaller programs, such as the TOW program which contracts Raytheon to manufacture anti-armor missile weapon systems for Army vehicles.

Foreign Governments
Foreign governments, particularly U.S. allies, generate approximately 18% of Raytheon's revenue, giving the company the greatest exposure to international sales compared to its peers. Some sectors of the company's business sell more to international customers than others, with missile systems accounting for the bulk of international business. The AMRAAM missile, for example, is a beyond visual range air-to-air missile developed in the 90s that goes on the F-15, F-16, F-18, and several European fighters and generates a significant portion of its revenue abroad.

Recent large orders from Pakistan, Taiwan, Poland, and Chile should help revenue growth of the missile in upcoming years, despite its association with the diminishing F/A-22 fighter program. Furthermore, the Saudi Border Security program and E-Borders in U.K. should be the largest opportunities as the company enters the final stages of the selection process for creating a system that analyzes passenger and crew data of incoming and outgoing travelers (E-borders) and a border security system equipped with radars and surveillance aircraft (Saudi).

Civilian and Non-Federal Organizations
Commercial programs constitute 5% of the company's sales. Raytheon specializes in systems engineering work on satellites and other technical services involving electronics and security.

Trends and Forces

Government Defense Spending
With the bulk of the company's business coming from contracts awarded by the U.S. government, Raytheon's revenues are heavily affected by changes in government defense spending and any turbulence in the company's relationship with the government. Even though no program accounts for more than 4% of total sales--making Raytheon the least vertically aligned of its peers--a general decline in the government's defense budget would surely impact many of the company's programs. Looking ahead, defense spending could flatten out due to pressures from a mounting federal deficit and the eventual withdrawal of troops from Iraq and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the government reserves the right to cut or eliminate any of Raytheon's programs at any time, especially if the program is under-performing or in violation of an agreement. Nonetheless, an arms race with Russia, North Korea or any other U.S. adversary, the perpetual modernization of the military, and the continuing presence of the U.S. in foreign nations will have a positive impact on revenues.

Foreign Markets
More so than any of its peers, Raytheon depends on foreign government contracts and the appropriate handling of their complexities. A variety of factors must be taken into consideration when the company does business abroad and each of these factors could negatively impact revenues if not properly addressed:

The difficulty of complying with U.S. and foreign laws, regulations, license agreements, policies and other requirements regarding, among other things, investments, operations, and trade restrictions; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
The complexity and necessity of using foreign representatives and consultants; uncertainties and restrictions concerning the availability of funding credit or guarantees
The difficulty of managing and operating an enterprise spread over various countries
Economic and geopolitical developments and conditions, including acts of terrorism and government reactions, trade relationships, changes in alliances.
Conversely, smooth handling of the complexities combined with any military build up or conflict for U.S. allies, with all other factors held constant, yields an increase in the company's revenues.

Pensions
Raytheon has generous pension plans covering the majority of its employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. As the life-expectancy of its employees increases, health care costs rise, and the baby boomer generation begins to retire in bulk, Raytheon must continually adjust its pension plan payment expectations, negatively affecting company revenue. In the last four years alone, the company has averaged $350 million in adjustments each year for the worse. Furthermore, as much of the company's pension funds are in risk free investments, declining interest rates will lower the return on the company's investment and increase its pension costs. Increasing interest rates, however, will lower its pension costs.

Adaptability
Because Raytheon takes part in a highly technologically driven industry, its ability to predict and adapt to ever-changing market demands has a tremendous impact on the number of contracts it will win. The company's future performance depends heavily on Raytheon identifying emerging technological trends, developing and maintaining competitive products and services that distinguish Raytheon from its competitors, developing, manufacturing and bringing products to market quickly at cost-effective prices, and making strategic alliances and acquisitions that will better position the company in its industry. The company's well-established presence as a top-five player in defense contracts suggests that Raytheon will continue to adapt to its surroundings and win the contracts it eyes.

Competitors

Raytheon and competitors in the defense and aerospace industry are blessed by unusually high barriers of entry, thus limiting the number of major defense contractors eligible to obtain market presence similar to Raytheon. The company has a superb reputation when it comes to innovations and meeting contract expectations and more, which positions Raytheon to win the smaller, subcontracting deals. Raytheon's top competitors include:

General Dynamics (GD) is one of the top defense contractors in the U.S. GD offers products and services to domestic and international governments and militaries. It is also the leading manufacturer of corporate jets, with its Gulfstream fleet accounting for one fourth of all business jet sales. The needs of the U.S. military have shifted greatly since the Cold War era, with an increased focus on a more responsive and versatile military. GD aims to fulfill those needs with its offerings such as Stryker combat vehicles, Virginia class submarines, DDG-1000 destroyers, and its information systems and technology solutions.
Boeing Company (BA) is the world's largest aerospace and defense company. The company operates in over 90 countries and claims the title of America's largest exporter. Its has three divisions: commercial airplanes (49.86% of revenue), Integrated Defense Systems (IDS) (49.29%), and Boeing Capital Corporation (BCC) (0.96%)[1]. In 2009, the firm generated $60.9 billion in revenue and $2.7 billion in net income.
Lockheed Martin (LMT) is the world's largest defense contractor by revenue as of fiscal 2009. As a manufacturer of primarily electronic, information, aeronautic, and space systems, LMT has benefited from the increased defense spending that has accompanied the Afghan and Iraq Wars.
Northrop Grumman (NOC) is the world’s third largest defense contractor; it manufactures aircraft carriers, submarines, space craft systems, mission-critical computer systems, and wireless communications infrastructure; about 90% of its revenue comes from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
To the highest degree amongst its competitors, Raytheon mitigates its dependence on individual programs by competing as a subcontractor to puts its subsystems on full-scale systems like aircrafts, ships, and vehicles. Of Raytheon's 14,000 contracts, which are about equally divided between cost-plus and fixed-price deals, no single contract accounts for more than 4% of total sales. Raytheon competes primarily with General Dynamics on these smaller systems, while Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Northrop Grumman use their greater capacity to compete to win the fewer, more lucrative contracts for full-scale systems. The Pentagon could be shifting away from the LSI (Lead System Integrator) concept that caused the company to lose some of its market share to competitors in the 1990s, allowing Raytheon to reclaim much of this lost business.

In addition, international sales comprise a greater percentage of Raytheon's revenue than any of its competitors, yielding upswings for the company during tumultuous times for foreign countries like those in Asia and the Middle East with increasing cash reserves.

The recent selling of its under-performing aircraft division leaves Raytheon with no net debt and greater balance sheet flexibility than many of its peers.
 
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