Deferent Types of planning
o Single use plans: used to achieve some specific event, when the end is reached the plan is dissolved.
o Standing plan : this plan is designed for the situation that reoccur often enough to justify a standardized approach.
o Contingency plans : plans formulated to address specific possible future event that might have impact on the organization.
o Crisis management plans: plans that are formulated to deal with specific crisis that can occur in the future.
► Strategic Planning : a plan that outlines the major goals of an organization and the organization wide strategies for attaining those goals.
► Strategy refers to the determination of the purpose and the basic long term objectives of an enterprise , and the adoption of courses of action and allocation of resources needed to achieve these aims.
In competitive situation , it is not enough to build plans logically from goals unless the plans take into account the environmental opportunities and threats and the organizational strengths and o weaknesses.
Characteristics of strategic planning
o They are concerned with the scope of an organization's activities, and hence with the definition of an organization’s boundaries.
o They relate to the matching of the organization‘s substantive environment. Since the environment is continually changing it is necessary for this to be accommodated via adaptive decision making that anticipates outcomes as in playing a game of chese.
o They require the matching of an organization’s activities with its resources. In order to take advantage of strategic opportunities it will be necessary to have funds , capacity, personnel etc. Available when needed.
o They have major resource implications for organizations – such as acquiring additional capacity, disposing of capacity, or reallocating resources in a fundamental way.
o They are influenced by the values and expectations of those who determine the organization’s strategy.
o They will affect the organization’s long term direction.
o They require the matching of an organization’s activities with its resources. In order to take advantage of strategic opportunities it will be necessary to have funds , capacity, personnel etc