mayur_nahar

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Hi Friends you can get the project on SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA & Marketing Management & Public Relations from this Site please reply to me :SugarwareZ-191: :SugarwareZ-229: :tea:
 

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vishal_1986

Par 100 posts (V.I.P)
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

welcome 2 mp and thx for projects..but b4 uploadin..read the rules for postin..frm next time onwards..post in releavant section..
 

liju

New member
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

please help my project of international marketing in small scale industries
 

Manasi Tankkar

New member
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

Content


1. Personal and Company Information
2. Articles of Association
3. Objectives of the Project & Report
4. Introduction
5. Small Scale Industry in India
6. Export of SSI Sector
7. Opportunity in SSI Sector
8. The Products under SSI
9. Arrangement of Finance
10. Registration of SSI
11. History of Carpets
12. Major Carpets Producing Centers in India
13. Types of Indian Carpets
14. Export Criteria of Carpet
15. Procedure to make Carpet
16. Plant Details
17. Financial details
18. Marketing Strategy of the Industry
19. Drawback of Carpet Industry
20. Potential
21. Registration Forms
22. Bibliography


Personal & Company Information

Name of the Businessman: Ansari Shahid Javed


Name of the Company: Z Alam Carpet Centre


Office Address:
Bhadohi: Zanu Sahid Road, Peerkhanpur, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh. 221401


VISITING CARD:










OUR MOTTO:


The motto of our organization is Total Customer Satisfaction by providing him Competitive Prices, Excellent Quality and On Time Delivery. We always believe in long term business association and consider our Customer as part of our own organization.
Articles Of Association:

There will be two shifts in a day that is first shift from 7a.m. to 12p.m. and second shift from 2p.m. to 7p.m.

If any employee wants a leave he must inform the manager two days in advance.

Sunday the factory will be closed.

Bonus on Diwali & Marriage of owner

Borrowings from workers should not exceed Rs. 15,000/-

Employees should be punctual and maintain discipline.

More than 6 days leave without imitation will not be allowed.

Employee who will be appointed on the contract basis will not be eligible to borrow any amount.

If because of workers fault any loss of assets is occurred will be recovered from his salary.





Objectives of the Project & Report
This project concentrates on the Small Scale Industries in India. The main purpose is to set up a Small Scale Industry of my own. In this project I have shown that how we can start our own industry. I have chosen Carpet as my product and had given all the details to the best of my knowledge. It gives all the detail of the product. From the very first step that is raw material to the finished product. The project has all the financial and marketing details too. It also tells us how to arrange the finance if you don’t have money with you.





















Introduction:

The Small Scale Industry sector, as an important segment of the Indian economy, accounts for 95% of the industrial units, 40% of output of the manufacturing sector, 35% of the total exports and provides employment to around 18 million person.

The sector covers a wide spectrum of industries categorized under small, tiny and ancillary segments. In fact, it encompasses the continuum of the artisans/handicrafts units at one end and modern production units with significant investments, on the other, producing a wide range of over 7500 products.

The SSI sector has been receiving special attention from the policy makers in addressing its requirements, be it credit, marketing, technology, entrepreneurship development, fiscal or infrastructural support.

SSI sector, thus , acts as a prime mover in pushing up the industrial growth and gives boost to overall economic growth. Entrepreneurship, self employment and enterprise creation thus provide a solution to the crisis of both unemployment and disguised unemployment



























SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

It is rejoicing to observe that the SSI sector has been a prime contributor to the overall growth of the industrial sector in India. The growth rate recorded by the SSI sector has normally been higher than that of the industrial sector as a whole. Maintaining the same frame, the sector is poised to record a higher growth in the range of 7.5- 8.5 % during 1999-2000 in comparison to the 6.5% target growth in GDP during this period

The small scale industry sector has immersed over five decades as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy. Today , this sector accounts for about 95% of the industrial units and is contributing about 40% of value addition in the manufacturing sector, nearly 80% of manufacturing employment and about 35% of export ( both direct and indirect). More than 32 lakh units are spread all over the country producing over 7500 items and providing employment to more than 178 lakh persons .

The government of India has helped the small scale sector through supportive policy measures since adoption of planned economy model. The basic policy support for SSI sector has its route in the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. Further, the Industrial Policy Statement, 1977, laid emphasis on reservation of items. The reservation of economically viable SSI’s began with a list of 47 items which was gradually extended to many products. Presently, 811 items are on the reserved list. Other policy supports which could be listed are excise exemptions , traded under priority sector lending from banks and financial institutions , marketing support through reservation of items for products from SSI sector for government purchases, providing infra structure facilities like sheds, plots in industrial states , technological support, new management techniques, training and entrepreneurship developments.



















Export of SSI Sector:

SSI Sector plays a major role in India's present export performance. 45%-50% of the Indian Exports is contributed by SSI Sector. Direct exports from the SSI Sector account for nearly 35% of total exports. Besides direct exports, it is estimated that small-scale industrial units contribute around 15% to exports indirectly. This takes place through merchant exporters, trading houses and export houses. They may also be in the form of export orders from large units or the production of parts and components for use for finished exportable goods.

It would surprise many to know that non-traditional products account for more than 95% of the SSI exports.

The exports from SSI sector have been clocking excellent growth rates in this decade. It has been mostly fuelled by the performance of garments, leather and gems and jewellery units from this sector.

The product groups where the SSI sector dominates in exports, are sports goods, readymade garments, woollen garments and knitwear, plastic products, processed food and leather products. The SSI sector is reorienting its export strategy towards the new trade regime being ushered in by the WTO.

Year Exports (Rs. Crores) (at current prices)
1994-95 29,068 (14.86)
1995-96 36,470 (25.50)
1996-97 39,249 (7.61)
1997-98 43,949 (11.97)
1998-99 48,979 (10.2)
1999-2000 53,975 (10.2)

:





OPPORTUNITY IN SSI UNIT:

The opportunities in the small-scale sector are enormous due to the following factors Less Capital Intensive
Extensive Promotion & Support by Government
Reservation for Exclusive Manufacture by small scale sector
Project Profiles
Funding - Finance & Subsidies
Machinery Procurement
Raw Material Procurement
Manpower Training
Technical & Managerial skills
Tooling & Testing support
Reservation for Exclusive Purchase by Government
Export Promotion
Growth in demand in the domestic market size due to overall economic growth
Increasing Export Potential for Indian products
Growth in Requirements for ancillary units due to the increase in number of Greenfield units coming up in the large scale sector. Small industry sector has performed exceedingly well and enabled our country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth and diversification.










THE PRODUCTS UNDER SSI:
There are about twenty-one major industry groups in the small scale sector. These are listed below:
Food Products
Chemical & Chemical Products
Basic Metal Industries
Metal Products
Electrical Machinery & Parts
Rubber & Plastic Products
Machinery & Parts Except Electrical goods
Hosiery & Garments - Wood Products
Non-metallic Mineral Products
Paper Products & Printing
Transport Equipments & Parts
Leather & Leather Products
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
Other Services & Products
Beverages, Tobacco & Tobacco Products
Repair Services
Cotton Textiles
Wool, Silk, Synthetic Fiber Textiles
Jute, Hemp and Mesta Textiles
Other Services
A survey of indices of industrial production (IIP) maintained for these major industry groups reveals what the sunrise industries are and on what segments the sun has set. SSI units produce an amazing variety and type of products. Over 7500 products are known to be manufactured in this sector. Even in a particular product, there would exist a wide range of qualities or specifications catering to different market segments, particularly in consumer/household products. Small Scale sector has emerged as a major supplier of mass consumption items like
leather and leather goods
plastic and rubber goods
ready-made garments
hosiery goods, sheet metal goods
stationery items - soap and detergents
domestic utensils
toothpaste and toothpowder
safety matches
preserved foods and vegetables
wooden and steel furniture

ARRANGEMENT OF FINANCE
No SSI unit can take off without monetary support. This need for finance can be classified into following types:
Long and medium term loans
Short term or working capital requirements
Risk Capital
Seed Capital/Marginal Money
Bridge loans
Financial assistance in India for SSI units is available from a variety of institutions. The important ones are :
SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India (refinance and direct lending)
SFCs: State level Financial Corporation e.g. Delhi Financial Corporation.
NSIC: National Small Industry Corporation.
Small Industry Development Corporations of various states.
Commercial/Co-operative Banks.
DIC: District Industry Centre.
Long and medium term loans are provided by State Financial Corporations, SIDBI and State Industrial Development Corporations. Banks also finance term loans. This type of financing is needed to fund purchase of land, construction of factory building/shed and for purchase of machinery and equipment. Term loans are secured against mortgage of assets such as land, building, machines, equipment and other stocks. The short-term loans are required for working capital requirements, which fund the purchase of raw material and consumable, payment of wages and other immediate manufacturing and administrative expenses. Such loans are generally available from commercial banks.





Registration of Small Scale Industry

The table below indicates the historical evolution of the definition of small scale and ancillary units:
YEAR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES ANCILLARY INDUSTRIES
1955 Upto Rs. 5 lacs in FCI and employment less 50/100 workers with/without power. ---
1960 Upto Rs. 5 lacs in FCI. ---
1966 Upto Rs. 7.5 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 10 lacs in plant and machinery.
1975 Upto Rs. 10 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 15 lacs in plant and machinery.
1980 Upto Rs. 20 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 25 lacs in plant and machinery.
1985 Upto Rs. 35 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 45 lacs in plant and machinery.
1991 Upto Rs. 60 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 75 lacs in plant and machinery.
Dec. 1997 Upto Rs. 300 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 300 lacs in plant and machinery.
Note: The registration scheme does not have a statutory basis. It is not mandatory for a small scale unit to register itself. The unit would normally get registered to avail the benefits, incentives or support given either by State or Central Government.

Registration Authorities:
1. For SSI units: General Manager District Industries Centre Application to be made on prescribed forms
2. For Large & Medium Industrial units Secretariat for Industrial Approvals, Ministry of Industry, Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi - 110001 IL-Form with 7 spare copies along with fee of Rs. 2500/-.





Types of SSI Registration:
Provisional Registration and
Permanent Registration.

Provisional Registration:

In the pre-production stage, a provisional registration certificate is given. Gene--rally this certificate can be obtained from the DIC within 24 hours. The validity is for a period of 5 years or till the date of starting of production by the unit, whichever is earlier.
The provisional registration certificate enables the unit to obtain various benefits required in the pre-production stage:
Obtaining term loans and working capital limits from banks / financial institutions under priority sector lending.
Facilities for accommodation, land and other statutory approvals or permissions
Obtaining necessary NOCs and clearances from regulatory bodies such as pollution control boards, labor regulation etc.

Permanent Registration:

Once the unit comes into production, a permanent registration certificate is given to the unit upon application. This certificate is given within 30 days of the application. The permanent registration certificate is issued in perpetuity subject to some conditions. This certificate enables a unit to get various incentives and concessions:
Excise exemption.
Income Tax benefits and Sales Tax benefits as per State Govt., Policies.
Price and Purchase Preference.
Availability of raw material depending on existing policies.
Other incentives and concessions given by State Governments (e.g. capital investment subsidies, interest subsidy, sales tax exemption/deferment, etc.)





















The Legend of Indian Carpets

Indian Carpets are renowned the world over for their exquisite designs, subtle elegance, attractive colours and workmanship. The magnificence of Indian carpet weaving and the intricate patterns that have emerged from it have substantially increased India's carpet exports and placed it prominently in the international carpet map.
Carpet weaving was brought to India by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century. Some of the most exclusive carpets were created during the Mughal reign, each carpet unlike the other but infused with a common magic of colours and design.
The carpet weaver has gradually grown as an artist, a creator who could weave poetry in to his designs and every knot he tied, giving a touch of aesthetic beauty to his creations.
A carpet weaver's skills are his own and the designs he evolves are from his mind to be translated in to beautiful form with the help of wool and silk.




Infusing Colour

Colours fascinate. And when they are blended with material and designs, they acquire a radiance that is alive. Indian carpets are renowned for their exotic colours.
At the beginning of the 20th century, nature was the most important source of perfect dyes and subtle and attractive colours.
Madder, which grows almost everywhere, was the most important colourant of vegetable origin. Its root provided the whole range of pinks and reds and with the green from the grass and brown from the kiker tree.
This gave the weaver a wide choice. Nowadays, all types of natural dyes are used.





The feel

From the outset, wool has been the basic material for the knotted woollen carpet.
The wool used for the pile has a variety of origins, the use related to the role for which the carpet is being woven.
However silk is commonly used in handknotted silk carpets in Kashmir where the weaver also has access to the wool of the highest quality.


Designing Excellence

Pattern in a carpet is as much an integral part of the carpet as colouring. The Indian carpet weaver freed carpets from the limitation of space, repeated intricate and infinite patterns in an ordered symmetry and wove abstract symbols into dense ornamentation.
The figurative was combined with the geometric and floral with the arabesque. The usual procedure adopted by the weaver is to draw his designs and transfer them to graph paper on which each square represents a single knot.
Then the paper is divided into varying parts depending on whether the pattern is intended for the centre medallion or for a part os a repeated pattern. these sheets of paper are then passed on to the knotting workshop.
The other manner followed by the weavers of Kashmir and Amritsar is the 'Talim' which demands time and experience. A coded colour chart indicates the number of knots to be woven in their respective colours. The master-weaver reads aloud from it and the weavers follows his directions carefully. The colours and number of knots to be woven are indicated by signs.
The master-weaver winds the warp around the loom and begins chanting the 'Talim' and the knitters chant their reply after carrying out the instruction.










Weaving the Magic of Creativity

The loom gives shape to the carpet-weaver's creative expressions.
One of the most commonly used loom in India is the roller-beam loom. The simplest of these looms has two horizontal wooden beans between which the wrap threads are stretched, the one beam in front of the weaver, the other is behind the first. As the knotting proceeds, the carpet is rolled to the back of the loom. The weaver begins by weaving a selvedge and several shoots of weft are passed to form a narrow band to secure the knots at the end of the carpet.
The Indian carpet weaver uses the asymmetrical or Persian knot which is tied with a strand of Yarn around two adjacent warp threads, leaving some threads free at either side for the lateral selvedges. Each knot is separated from its neighbour by a loop that is cut after the next shoot of weft. this knot is also called the 'two-handed knot' as it can be executed both from right to left and from left to right. The process is more widespread as it is more rapid.


Washing And Finishing

Washing of a carpet is done to bring sheen and lustre, therefore, it is as important as colouring, designing and weaving. this is the final stage of carpet weaving and hence requires a lot of careful handling.
Before washing, the carpet goes through the stage of burning the back of the carpet, rubbing with wired brush and berai to make it even.
Washing is done with water mixed with soap, bleaching powder and other natural chemicals. After washing, the carpet is kept in the sunlight for drying and then it is sent for clipping.
The final appearance of a carpet comes after clipping and chemical finishing. the art of clipping reflects on the emboss like finish in the final carpet.
Finishing is a meticulous process which requires skillful craftsmanship and is done piece by piece in handknotted carpets










MAJOR CARPET PRODUCING CENTRES IN INDIA
Uttar Pradesh :
Varanasi, Bhadohi, Gopiganj, Khamaria, Ghosia, Madhosingh, Mirzapur, Agra, Shahjahanpur.
Jammu & Kashmir :
Srinagar, Baramulla, Anantnag, Jammu, Leh.
Rajasthan :
Jaipur, Bikaner, Tonk.
Punjab : Amritsar.
Haryana : Panipat.
Madhya Pradesh : Gwalior.
Bihar : Obra, Danapur, Madhubani
Himachal Pradesh : Dharmshala.
West Bengal : Dargeeling.
Andhra Pradesh : Elluru and Warangal
Karnataka : Bangalore.
Pondicherry : Pondicherry




Handknotted Woollen Carpets

Handknotted woollen Carpets from India speak eloquently of the superb workmanship. Their design and colour schemes have their own independent logic and their own unique magic. The art od weaving carpets has percolated through generations and the Indian craftsmen have been creating the greatest of specimen since the medieval period.
The Indian woollen carpets are inspired by the classical Persian Tradition of motifs to the most modern design. Superior hand-knotting technique, variety of designs, colours and a good number of knots per square inch have made them desired objects to impart a vivid appearance to a home besides adding warmth to it.
The prominent areas which produce woollen carpets are Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Khamaria, Ghosia, Varanasi and Agra in Uttar Pradesh; Amritsar and Pathankot in Punjab and Jaipur in Rajasthan.

Tufted Woollen Carpets

The handmade Tufted Woollen Carpets are produced with the help of tufting guns. A good quality fabric is used for a desired pile density and number of stitches per square inch. The variety of designs and colours used in these carpets make them a feast to one's eyes. Panipat is main carpet producing centre of Tufted Woollen Carpets.


GABBE Woollen Carpets

Hand-knotted Gabbe Woollen Carpets portray a unique tradition of Tribal Design.
The continuity of superb artistic tradition of Tribals have made these carpets a product of a living and thriving art. The raw material composition of these carpets is generally 75% wool and 25% cotton.
Gabbe Woollen Carpets are mainly produced in Bhadohi-Mirzapur region in Uttar Pradesh.

Handmade Woollen Dhurries

Woollen dhurries are one of the least expensive yet very elegant 'Hand-Woven Flat Floor-Coverings'.
Dhurries are just perfect to use anywhere: in a room, in a formal setting, or casually in a balcony echoing its democratic antecedents. Its variety of colours are fast selling and have made them one of the popular floor coverings in the world.
Woollen dhurries are mainly produced in Bhadhohi, Mirzapur, Agra, Jaipur, Panipat and Bangalore

Pure Silk Carpets

Handkotted pure silk Carpets are renowned for suppleness and softness and fine workmanship in the world.
The material composition is 80% silk yarn and 20% cotton yarn with knottage 400 knots and above per square inch. Produced in Kashmir, these carpets display a fine workmanship and intricate designs of a kind.
The designs vary from intricate motifs and patterns inspired from nature to hunting scenes, bird and animal motifs or thematic designs like historical romances.
Staple/Synthetic Carpets

Staple/Synthetic carpets are synthetic handknotted carpets with a feel of silk. These finely knotted carpets (256 knots per square inch) imbibe all the aesthetic characteristics of classical and contemporary designs and colours.
The main carpet producing centre of Staple/Synthetic carpets are Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir), Agra and Gwalior.


Chainstitch Rugs

Decorative handmade embroided floor coverings or Chainstitch Rugs are made of 65% Wool or Silk yarn 35% cotton yarn. Intricate needlework by creating a variety of traditional and modern designs and colours in these rugs reflects a fine craftsmanship of the worker.
They are mainly produced in Kashmir.
Export Criteria of Carpet:

The company will now export its carpet mainly to countries like USA, Canada, Germany and Australia. There are three categories of carpet export:
Manufacturer Exporter
Manufacture Trader
Trader

Manufacturer Exporter

Here the manufacturer exporter procures from importers and then commences to manufacture the products i.e. carpet. This will be a long term business where the delivery of goods could be spread over a full year. It is also the most lucrative as the margin of profit could be as high as 40% and also is backed by letter of credit. However, it also requires lot of planning and quality control is essential.

Manufacturer Trader

The manufacturer trader produces goods not against any firm import order but according to market trend. He stocks his products and sells them to any interested buyers who keep visiting the carpet festivals. These festivals are organized by the Carpet Export Promotion Council (CEPC).

Traders

The trader buys carpets from small contractors as and when he needs it according to the market demand. Here the margin of profit is least as there is hardly any prior investment involved by the trader but the volume of business could be more.
















Procedure To Make Carpets:

My industry will be mainly a manufacture exporter producing firm for its importers with whome it has had business connections. Our aim is to reach those customers who are out of our reach that is mainly customers from countries like USA, Canada, Germany and Australia.

I will visit the carpet fair organized by Carpet Export Promotion Council (CEPC) in New Delhi and meet with new customers and if the deal will be finalized there then we will keep a meeting and according to the needs of customer future production will be planned. New colour trends will be discussed and new designs having greater potential will be decided upon.

Once an order is finalized, procurement of raw material will be made and the designer is called upon to translate the design on graph paper called “NAKSHA” for the weavers. The “NAKSHA” are needed in volume as for each carpet you need a different naksha. Then the raw material, i.e. woolen yarn is out for dyeing as per need. Once the raw material and naksha is ready, it is distributed to the weavers from various weaving branches of the company spread out in villages. Periodic checks by company supervisors are an absolute must in order to maintain quality and consistency. When the weavers brings in the carpet to the factory, it is inspected thoroughly by the directors incharge of production. As written earlier the carpet is then given out to carpet washers who wash the carpet. After washing it has to be design sorted and dipped evenly. If the carpet is crooked then it is straightened by stretching it out in the sun. after all these procedures which takes atleast 15 days, the carpet is ready for final inspection before packing. Each carpet undergoes vigorous inspection before it is finally packed and ready to be shipped.

The Carpet Industry is an unorganized sector where the raw material comprising of wool and cotton are issued to weavers by weight along with design translated on graph paper (where one square represents one knot) which the weavers can read and weave accordingly when the weaving is complete, the weaver brings back the carpet to the manufacturer-exporter company.

However, the work on the carpet is not yet completed. It has to be washed using acids and other chemicals which softens the wool and gives it a silk like feel. Then it has to be dried in the sun. After this its surface is chipped even and the colours sorted out in the design to give it the distinction in design and a smooth surface. Each process is carefully done by hand and involves a large labour force.

Finally the last procedure is packing of the carpets. Normally two three carpets are packed together. First they are rolled together properly and then first it is covered with polythene and then it is covered with jute sheet.

If the carpet is to be exported then proper tag is also tagged with the carpet which is having all the details of carpet like design, rate, lot number etc.

Plant Details:

Plant location plays significant role in success of any industry or firm. Generally while selecting a location for a factory following are the certain points which one should keep in mind while set up of any small scale industry:

Proximity of Raw Material/Suppliers
Nearness of Washing Plot
Nearness of Port
Proximity of Labour
Accessibility of Modes of Transport
Nearness of Market
Chances of Future Expansion

Generally the above criteria is very must to any carpet manufacturer. Now lets see how they are important for my industry:

Proximity of Raw Material/Suppliers:

As we all know that Bhadohi which is situated in the north east of Uttar Pradesh is known as the Carpet City of India therefore that will be the best place for me to start my carpet industry in the carpet city itself. It will be very advantageous for me to choose Bhadohi as there the Carpet Export Promotion Council’s office is there so all the documentation work is possible easily.

Nearness of Washing Plot:

Once the carpet is weaved by the weavers it should be immediately sent to wash therefore its very important to keep in mind that our plant or industry should be near to washing plot and in Bhadohi many such washing plots are there near by to our industry.

Nearness of Port:

Since I am planning to export my carpets to other countries therefore my industry should be near to any Port. Now the nearest port from Bhadohi is of Mumbai. I will send my goods through cargo to Mumbai and then from there it will be directly exported to other countries through ships..

Proximity of Labour:

As Bhadohi is the Carpet City of India therefore no doubt that all the carpet skilled labour will be available to nearby Bhadohi and apart from that they will be cheaper also so I can save my money.

Accessibility of Modes of Transport:

There are too many shipping agents and cargo peoples available in the city Bhadohi so I wont have any transportation problem. It will be easy for me to access trans[port. All the raw material for the manufacture of carpet is available in the city itself so I wont have to go here and there for raw materials I can get it at my doorstep.

Nearness of Market:

As Bhadohi is the carpet city of India, there is a big market of carpet in Bhadohi
With reputed showrooms. I can directly sell my product in local market too.

Chances of Future Expansion:

All the infrastructural and needed facilities required for expansion of carpet industry is available here.

After going through the above criteria one can easily justify that Bhadohi will be the best place for set up of a carpet industry.




















Financial Details:

FINANCIAL PLAN AND BUDGET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Land and Building
1. Land 200 sq. meters Rs. 5,55,000
2. Washing Plot Rental Rs. 2,500 per month
Machines and Equipment
Items Number Cost in Rupees
1. Computer
2. Fax Machine
3. Finishing Machine(Cutter)
4. Clip
5. Handlooms
6. Scissors & needles
7. Office equipment & furniture 1
1
3
20
10
20 22,000
5,000
4,000
45
8,000
125
25,000


55 1,47,400
Staff & Labour (per month)
1. Naksha Designer
2. Assistant Cutter
3. Washing Man
4. Accountant
5. Chartered Accountant
6. Clerk
7. Store-keeper
8. Watchman
9. Worker
10. Supervisor 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
25
2 3,000
1,500
1,800
4,000
8,000
2,500
2,000
1,200
1,400
2,500
38 70,300
Raw Material (per month)
1. Wool and Yarn
2. Dyes and Colour
3. Acids & Chemicals
4. Packing Material 1,50,000
30,000
12,000
2,600
1,94,600
Other Expenditure
1. Power & Rent
2. Repairs, Maintenance & renewals
3. Overseas correspondence & samples freight
4. Telephone and Internet bills
5. Cargo to Mumbai 3,000
1,000

3,500

4,500
6,000
18,000
Working Capital (for 3 months)
1. Staff and Labour
2. Raw materials
3. Other Expenditure 70,300
1,94,600
18,000
2,82,900
Total Investment
1. Building and Washing Plot
2. Machinery and equipment
3. Working capital for 3 months 5,85,000
1,47,400
2,82,900
10,15,300

From the above table it is very clear that to start a carpet business atleast I should have minimum of 10,15,300/- Rs. in my pocket.

In the budget shown above the fixed investment is Rs. 1,47,400/- whereas the working capital is Rs. 2,82,900/-.



















Marketing Strategy of the Industry:

The Indian Carpets are becoming more and more popular in local as well as International market. It has a very bright future. Because of availability of carpets at cheaper rate one can get his or her desired carpets at any time, at reasonable price and wide variety.

As we all know that every product has its Product Life Cycle, similarly my product will also have its life cycle. The first stage of Product Life Cycle is Introduction Stage here the product will be introduced in market keeping in mind that quality of the product that is carpet will be best to its part and along with that the price of the product will be minimum to its cost. Now as soon the product will reach to its Maturity Stage I will try to find various alternatives of substituting components or constituents and selecting the best one after cost benefit analysis without reducing the quality but at reasonable price.

My firm will produce both cheaper as well as sophisticated carpets so that it can be used by both the segment of people that is high and middle class people. To reach the local people I will open an exclusive showroom nearby the market and it will have carpets starting from Rs. 100/- to 30,000/-. There will also be some finest collection of carpet in the showroom so that it can fulfill the desire of high class people.

Apart from selling my product through my own shop I will use different channels of distribution to make available goods in the different market as well as untouched one. For this scientific recruitment and selection of sales professionals is required.

Now to market my product in my own country I have to open offices at various centers of our country. Therefore to market them throughout the nation I will open shops in five major cities of India that is Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Hyderabad.

As discussed earlier that my main aim is to export my goods to different countries therefore for that I have to attend all the fairs that are organized by Carpet Export Promotion Council of India in New Delhi. This year the fair will start from 25th of March to 28th of March 2005. I have already booked a 40 sq. metre shop in that fair to promote my product. It will help me to get order from abroad.

Now for proper monitoring and controlling the marketing activities adequate data’s and information is to be prepared relating to sales and other factors like dealers opinion, customers feedback, strategies of competitors will be analyzed and finding out any deviation relating to our strategy and taking corrective steps. This is continuous process as controlling follows planning management theory.



Drawbacks of Carpet Industry:

The major drawback of Carpet Industry is from the adverse publicity it is receiving on account of Child Labour Employment.the incidence of child lebour as per recent survey done by the Government of India is 6.8% of which 4% are legal child labour. It is legal if a child learns the trade of his father working on the same loom and by the side of his father only. The 2.8% illegal child labour involved in the industry employing over half a million people is far too less but none the less inexcusable, especially in the eyes of the common person of New York or Hamburg whose socio economic conditions are absolutely different viz a viz the conditions prevelant in the sub continent. The industry is contributing to fight this social evil by depositing 0.25% of its export values to the Carpet Export Promotion Council in order to import free basic education to children in the carpet belt and and also to meet any expense on account of rehabilitation of the child labour.
































Potential:

The potential of the carpet industry is immense as the other major carpet producing country. Persia, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Iraq etc. is in turmoil and its production has decreased over the years. The Indian hand made carpet has created its own niche in the international market for its durability, creativity and exquisiteness. It is a status symbol the worldover to own a genuine oriental carpet. And we have our share.







































AFFIDAVIT FOR PERMANENT REGISTRATION
AS
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
F O R M A T
I/We ____________________son/daughter/wife/widow of ____________resident of _____________________________ do hereby solemnly affirm and declare as under:-

1. that I/We have submitted an application dated __________ for permanent registration of the unit as small scale/ancillary/tiny/export oriented unit/Small Scale Service and Business enterprise.

2. that I/We am/are proprietor(s)/partner(s)/Managing Director of the unit whose name and address is given below:-
Name:_____________________________________________
Address:___________________________________________
3. that all particulars furnished in the application form are factual and correct.

4. that the location of the unit does not violate any locational restrictions for the time being in force and that I/we have obtained the necessary locational clearances from the competent authority.

5. that I/we have obtained all the statutory clearances/No Objection Certificates/permission required to carry out the manufacture/activity under the prevalent laws, regulations and rules in force.

6. that I/We have also obtained the necessary registration/licence, wherever required, under the relevant laws, rules or orders, for the time being in force, for carrying out the said industrial activity.

7. that the unit does not require an industrial licence because:
a) the unit employs less than 50/100 workers with/without use of power.
b) the items proposed to be manufactured are reserved for exclusive production in the small scale industries sector.
c) the unit does not manufacture any item which is included in Schedule-II of Notification No. S. O 477 (E) dated 25.7.1991 and is not reserved for exclusive manufacture in the SSI sector as included in Schedule-III of the above notification.
8. That the original value of investment in plant and machinery installed at the unit is within the limits prescribed for tiny/SSI/SSSBE/ancillary/export oriented unit as per existing provisions.

9. That the units not owned or controlled or a subsidiary or any other industrial undertaking in terms of the Notification No. S.O. 2 (E) dated. 1.1.93.

10. That I/We undertake to inform the registering authority within 30 days of the crossing of the investment limits in plant and machinery and submit the registration certificate for cancellation of registration or deletion of relevant endorsements as ancillary/EOU/tiny enterprise/Small Scale Service and Business Enterprise.

11. That I/We understand that if at a future date the said unit does not satisfy any of the conditions laid down in the notification No. S.O.232 (E) dt. 2.4.91, or does not comply with any of the conditions or restrictions for the time being in force, or includes manufacture items that require an industrial licence, then is such an eventuality, I/We shall be liable and required to surrender our registration as a SSI unit.

12. That I/We undertake to inform the Directorate of Industries/Registering authority immediately in case a situation arises as mentioned at para 11 above.

13. That I/We undertake to inform and to keep informed the Directorate of Industries/Registering Authority on all parameters and changes, if any, as required from time to time.
14. That I/We undertake to refund to the Central or State Government any or all financial incentives or benefits given under various schemes of assistance for small scale industries alongwith 18% interest, as may be demanded by the appropriate authority of Central/State Govt, in case it is found that the information or particulars submitted to obtain registration were wrong and fraudulent.

15. That I/We fully understand that we have to comply with the above conditions failing which we are liable for action by the Registering authority for cancellation of the Registration as well as under other relevant provisions of the laws and rules in force.


Signature
DEPONENT
VERIFICATION:
Verified that the contents of the affidavit are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

DEPONENT

Date:
Place:
(*Note) Strike out whichever is not applicable.
CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION
ADDITIONAL SHEET - 1

Registration No.


Date of Issue
Addition/deletion in Plant & Machinery

S.No Name of Machinery Added/deleted Original Value
Rs in '000
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Revised value of investment in Plant & Machinery (S.NO 13)
Change in location (S.No 7)
Change in constitution/type of organisation (S.No 9)



Signature



Date: Name & Designation of Registering Authority






















PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION
The application is accepted for Provisional Registration as a SSI/SSSBE Unit for the manufacture of items/activities as stated in the application form.

Provisional Registration No :

Date of issue :
Category of unit (S. No. 3) : __________________________


Signature
Name & Designation of Registering Authority


1. The endorsed application form is a part of the certificate of registration.
2. The provisional registration is valid for a period of five years from the date of issue.
3. The provisional registration will automatically lapse at the end of the validity period or the date of commencement of production, whichever is earlier.
4. If an applicant/unit is unable to set up the unit within the validity period, the applicant/unit has the option to apply afresh for provisional registration using standard procedure.
5. The provisional registration is given to enable the unit to obtain all acilities/clearance etc. required in the pre-production stage.
6. The provisional registration is subject to any or all conditions that may be imposed by the Registering Authority.



GOVERNMENT OF _________________
DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIES
APPLICATION FORM FOR PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION AS
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
(TO BE FILLED IN DUPLICATE)
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write/type in block (capital) letters.
2. Fill up whichever is applicable.
3. Use English alphabets/Arabic numbers while filling up blocks (to help computerisation). Leave one blank after each word.
4. While filling the form, use the following procedure.
i) Name of the unit e.g. KAMAL ENTERPRISES/G.K ENTERPRISES

K A M A L E N T E R P R I S E S
G K E N T E R P R I S E S
ii) Pin Code: e.g. 110041 1 1 0 0 4 1
iii) Date: e.g. 23rd June 1959 2 3 0 6 5 9
iv) Quantity (kg) e.g. 90 Kg. 0 0 0 0 9 0
v) Amount (Rs in thousands) e.g. Rs. 5000/- 0 0 0 0 5
vi) Fill up appropriate codes in the blocks wherever applicable

Example 1: Yes-1, No-2, NA-3 3
if NA fill up-3
Example 2: Category: SSI-1, Anc-2,
Tiny-3, SSSBE-4,
EOU-5. 3
If Tiny fill up-3
5. Block/boxes marked (*) are to be filled by office.
6. Applicant should sign all copies.
Abbreviations used:
SSI : Small Scale Industries, ANC : Ancillary Industrial Undertaking, SSSBE : Small Scale Service and business enterprise, TINY : Tiny enterprise, EOU : Export Oriented Unit, NA : Not applicable.
FORM
1. Name of the Unit/Applicant.


2. Address for communication.




Tel: Pin Code:
3. Category of Unit
SSI-1, ANC-2, SSSBE-3,
TINY-4, EOU-5.
4. Location:

Place/Town
Tehsil/Taluk
District
State
5. Type of Organisation:
Proprietary-1, Partnership-2, Pvt. Company-3, Cooperative-4,

Others
6. Nature of activity

Manufacturing/Assembly (01)
Processing (02)
Job work (04)
Repairing/Servicing (08)
Note: For any combination of activities, add the respective code to get the required code.
7. Main items of manufacture/activities.

i) Name
Code
ii) Name
Code
iii) Name
Code
iv) Name
Code
v) Name
Code
8. Investment in Fixed Assets (Rs. in ‘000)

i) Land
ii) Building
iii) Plant & Machinery
iv) Other Fixed Assets
TOTAL:
9. Investment in Plant & Machinery

(original value Rs. in ‘000)
Note: Should exclude items whose value is not taken into account while computing the investment. Please enclose project profile in case value of investment in Plant and Machinery exceeds Rs.40 lacs.

10. Power Load H.P.
(1 H.P. = 0.795 K.W) K.W.
11. Employment

i) Management & Office Staff
ii) Supervisory and Workers
12. Date of commencement of production
(estimated)

Date:
Signature of Applicant (Authorised Person)
Name of proprietor/partner/managing director
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY


Application No. NIC Code
Block Code District Code State Code
Location of Unit
(Conforming-1, Non-Conforming-2)
Whether the items of manufacture/activity require an industrial licence.

Yes-1, No-2
(No industrial licence is required for items listed in Schedule II of the licensing notification dated 25.7.1991 if the unit employs less than 50/100 workers with/ without power)






















Bibliography:

Sites Reffered:

www.carpetworld.com

www.cepc.com

www.smallindustryindia.com

www.google.com

www.altvista.com

www.indiamart.com


Magazines and Project Reports Referred:

Carpet –e- world

Carpet Export Promotion Council Report

Project on Small Scale Industry by Vishal K. Gada
















Content


1. Personal and Company Information
2. Articles of Association
3. Objectives of the Project & Report
4. Introduction
5. Small Scale Industry in India
6. Export of SSI Sector
7. Opportunity in SSI Sector
8. The Products under SSI
9. Arrangement of Finance
10. Registration of SSI
11. History of Carpets
12. Major Carpets Producing Centers in India
13. Types of Indian Carpets
14. Export Criteria of Carpet
15. Procedure to make Carpet
16. Plant Details
17. Financial details
18. Marketing Strategy of the Industry
19. Drawback of Carpet Industry
20. Potential
21. Registration Forms
22. Bibliography


Personal & Company Information

Name of the Businessman: Ansari Shahid Javed


Name of the Company: Z Alam Carpet Centre


Office Address:
Bhadohi: Zanu Sahid Road, Peerkhanpur, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh. 221401


VISITING CARD:










OUR MOTTO:


The motto of our organization is Total Customer Satisfaction by providing him Competitive Prices, Excellent Quality and On Time Delivery. We always believe in long term business association and consider our Customer as part of our own organization.
Articles Of Association:

There will be two shifts in a day that is first shift from 7a.m. to 12p.m. and second shift from 2p.m. to 7p.m.

If any employee wants a leave he must inform the manager two days in advance.

Sunday the factory will be closed.

Bonus on Diwali & Marriage of owner

Borrowings from workers should not exceed Rs. 15,000/-

Employees should be punctual and maintain discipline.

More than 6 days leave without imitation will not be allowed.

Employee who will be appointed on the contract basis will not be eligible to borrow any amount.

If because of workers fault any loss of assets is occurred will be recovered from his salary.





Objectives of the Project & Report
This project concentrates on the Small Scale Industries in India. The main purpose is to set up a Small Scale Industry of my own. In this project I have shown that how we can start our own industry. I have chosen Carpet as my product and had given all the details to the best of my knowledge. It gives all the detail of the product. From the very first step that is raw material to the finished product. The project has all the financial and marketing details too. It also tells us how to arrange the finance if you don’t have money with you.





















Introduction:

The Small Scale Industry sector, as an important segment of the Indian economy, accounts for 95% of the industrial units, 40% of output of the manufacturing sector, 35% of the total exports and provides employment to around 18 million person.

The sector covers a wide spectrum of industries categorized under small, tiny and ancillary segments. In fact, it encompasses the continuum of the artisans/handicrafts units at one end and modern production units with significant investments, on the other, producing a wide range of over 7500 products.

The SSI sector has been receiving special attention from the policy makers in addressing its requirements, be it credit, marketing, technology, entrepreneurship development, fiscal or infrastructural support.

SSI sector, thus , acts as a prime mover in pushing up the industrial growth and gives boost to overall economic growth. Entrepreneurship, self employment and enterprise creation thus provide a solution to the crisis of both unemployment and disguised unemployment



























SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

It is rejoicing to observe that the SSI sector has been a prime contributor to the overall growth of the industrial sector in India. The growth rate recorded by the SSI sector has normally been higher than that of the industrial sector as a whole. Maintaining the same frame, the sector is poised to record a higher growth in the range of 7.5- 8.5 % during 1999-2000 in comparison to the 6.5% target growth in GDP during this period

The small scale industry sector has immersed over five decades as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy. Today , this sector accounts for about 95% of the industrial units and is contributing about 40% of value addition in the manufacturing sector, nearly 80% of manufacturing employment and about 35% of export ( both direct and indirect). More than 32 lakh units are spread all over the country producing over 7500 items and providing employment to more than 178 lakh persons .

The government of India has helped the small scale sector through supportive policy measures since adoption of planned economy model. The basic policy support for SSI sector has its route in the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. Further, the Industrial Policy Statement, 1977, laid emphasis on reservation of items. The reservation of economically viable SSI’s began with a list of 47 items which was gradually extended to many products. Presently, 811 items are on the reserved list. Other policy supports which could be listed are excise exemptions , traded under priority sector lending from banks and financial institutions , marketing support through reservation of items for products from SSI sector for government purchases, providing infra structure facilities like sheds, plots in industrial states , technological support, new management techniques, training and entrepreneurship developments.



















Export of SSI Sector:

SSI Sector plays a major role in India's present export performance. 45%-50% of the Indian Exports is contributed by SSI Sector. Direct exports from the SSI Sector account for nearly 35% of total exports. Besides direct exports, it is estimated that small-scale industrial units contribute around 15% to exports indirectly. This takes place through merchant exporters, trading houses and export houses. They may also be in the form of export orders from large units or the production of parts and components for use for finished exportable goods.

It would surprise many to know that non-traditional products account for more than 95% of the SSI exports.

The exports from SSI sector have been clocking excellent growth rates in this decade. It has been mostly fuelled by the performance of garments, leather and gems and jewellery units from this sector.

The product groups where the SSI sector dominates in exports, are sports goods, readymade garments, woollen garments and knitwear, plastic products, processed food and leather products. The SSI sector is reorienting its export strategy towards the new trade regime being ushered in by the WTO.

Year Exports (Rs. Crores) (at current prices)
1994-95 29,068 (14.86)
1995-96 36,470 (25.50)
1996-97 39,249 (7.61)
1997-98 43,949 (11.97)
1998-99 48,979 (10.2)
1999-2000 53,975 (10.2)

:





OPPORTUNITY IN SSI UNIT:

The opportunities in the small-scale sector are enormous due to the following factors Less Capital Intensive
Extensive Promotion & Support by Government
Reservation for Exclusive Manufacture by small scale sector
Project Profiles
Funding - Finance & Subsidies
Machinery Procurement
Raw Material Procurement
Manpower Training
Technical & Managerial skills
Tooling & Testing support
Reservation for Exclusive Purchase by Government
Export Promotion
Growth in demand in the domestic market size due to overall economic growth
Increasing Export Potential for Indian products
Growth in Requirements for ancillary units due to the increase in number of Greenfield units coming up in the large scale sector. Small industry sector has performed exceedingly well and enabled our country to achieve a wide measure of industrial growth and diversification.










THE PRODUCTS UNDER SSI:
There are about twenty-one major industry groups in the small scale sector. These are listed below:
Food Products
Chemical & Chemical Products
Basic Metal Industries
Metal Products
Electrical Machinery & Parts
Rubber & Plastic Products
Machinery & Parts Except Electrical goods
Hosiery & Garments - Wood Products
Non-metallic Mineral Products
Paper Products & Printing
Transport Equipments & Parts
Leather & Leather Products
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
Other Services & Products
Beverages, Tobacco & Tobacco Products
Repair Services
Cotton Textiles
Wool, Silk, Synthetic Fiber Textiles
Jute, Hemp and Mesta Textiles
Other Services
A survey of indices of industrial production (IIP) maintained for these major industry groups reveals what the sunrise industries are and on what segments the sun has set. SSI units produce an amazing variety and type of products. Over 7500 products are known to be manufactured in this sector. Even in a particular product, there would exist a wide range of qualities or specifications catering to different market segments, particularly in consumer/household products. Small Scale sector has emerged as a major supplier of mass consumption items like
leather and leather goods
plastic and rubber goods
ready-made garments
hosiery goods, sheet metal goods
stationery items - soap and detergents
domestic utensils
toothpaste and toothpowder
safety matches
preserved foods and vegetables
wooden and steel furniture

ARRANGEMENT OF FINANCE
No SSI unit can take off without monetary support. This need for finance can be classified into following types:
Long and medium term loans
Short term or working capital requirements
Risk Capital
Seed Capital/Marginal Money
Bridge loans
Financial assistance in India for SSI units is available from a variety of institutions. The important ones are :
SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India (refinance and direct lending)
SFCs: State level Financial Corporation e.g. Delhi Financial Corporation.
NSIC: National Small Industry Corporation.
Small Industry Development Corporations of various states.
Commercial/Co-operative Banks.
DIC: District Industry Centre.
Long and medium term loans are provided by State Financial Corporations, SIDBI and State Industrial Development Corporations. Banks also finance term loans. This type of financing is needed to fund purchase of land, construction of factory building/shed and for purchase of machinery and equipment. Term loans are secured against mortgage of assets such as land, building, machines, equipment and other stocks. The short-term loans are required for working capital requirements, which fund the purchase of raw material and consumable, payment of wages and other immediate manufacturing and administrative expenses. Such loans are generally available from commercial banks.





Registration of Small Scale Industry

The table below indicates the historical evolution of the definition of small scale and ancillary units:
YEAR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES ANCILLARY INDUSTRIES
1955 Upto Rs. 5 lacs in FCI and employment less 50/100 workers with/without power. ---
1960 Upto Rs. 5 lacs in FCI. ---
1966 Upto Rs. 7.5 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 10 lacs in plant and machinery.
1975 Upto Rs. 10 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 15 lacs in plant and machinery.
1980 Upto Rs. 20 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 25 lacs in plant and machinery.
1985 Upto Rs. 35 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 45 lacs in plant and machinery.
1991 Upto Rs. 60 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 75 lacs in plant and machinery.
Dec. 1997 Upto Rs. 300 lacs in plant and machinery. Upto Rs. 300 lacs in plant and machinery.
Note: The registration scheme does not have a statutory basis. It is not mandatory for a small scale unit to register itself. The unit would normally get registered to avail the benefits, incentives or support given either by State or Central Government.

Registration Authorities:
1. For SSI units: General Manager District Industries Centre Application to be made on prescribed forms
2. For Large & Medium Industrial units Secretariat for Industrial Approvals, Ministry of Industry, Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi - 110001 IL-Form with 7 spare copies along with fee of Rs. 2500/-.





Types of SSI Registration:
Provisional Registration and
Permanent Registration.

Provisional Registration:

In the pre-production stage, a provisional registration certificate is given. Gene--rally this certificate can be obtained from the DIC within 24 hours. The validity is for a period of 5 years or till the date of starting of production by the unit, whichever is earlier.
The provisional registration certificate enables the unit to obtain various benefits required in the pre-production stage:
Obtaining term loans and working capital limits from banks / financial institutions under priority sector lending.
Facilities for accommodation, land and other statutory approvals or permissions
Obtaining necessary NOCs and clearances from regulatory bodies such as pollution control boards, labor regulation etc.

Permanent Registration:

Once the unit comes into production, a permanent registration certificate is given to the unit upon application. This certificate is given within 30 days of the application. The permanent registration certificate is issued in perpetuity subject to some conditions. This certificate enables a unit to get various incentives and concessions:
Excise exemption.
Income Tax benefits and Sales Tax benefits as per State Govt., Policies.
Price and Purchase Preference.
Availability of raw material depending on existing policies.
Other incentives and concessions given by State Governments (e.g. capital investment subsidies, interest subsidy, sales tax exemption/deferment, etc.)





















The Legend of Indian Carpets

Indian Carpets are renowned the world over for their exquisite designs, subtle elegance, attractive colours and workmanship. The magnificence of Indian carpet weaving and the intricate patterns that have emerged from it have substantially increased India's carpet exports and placed it prominently in the international carpet map.
Carpet weaving was brought to India by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century. Some of the most exclusive carpets were created during the Mughal reign, each carpet unlike the other but infused with a common magic of colours and design.
The carpet weaver has gradually grown as an artist, a creator who could weave poetry in to his designs and every knot he tied, giving a touch of aesthetic beauty to his creations.
A carpet weaver's skills are his own and the designs he evolves are from his mind to be translated in to beautiful form with the help of wool and silk.




Infusing Colour

Colours fascinate. And when they are blended with material and designs, they acquire a radiance that is alive. Indian carpets are renowned for their exotic colours.
At the beginning of the 20th century, nature was the most important source of perfect dyes and subtle and attractive colours.
Madder, which grows almost everywhere, was the most important colourant of vegetable origin. Its root provided the whole range of pinks and reds and with the green from the grass and brown from the kiker tree.
This gave the weaver a wide choice. Nowadays, all types of natural dyes are used.





The feel

From the outset, wool has been the basic material for the knotted woollen carpet.
The wool used for the pile has a variety of origins, the use related to the role for which the carpet is being woven.
However silk is commonly used in handknotted silk carpets in Kashmir where the weaver also has access to the wool of the highest quality.


Designing Excellence

Pattern in a carpet is as much an integral part of the carpet as colouring. The Indian carpet weaver freed carpets from the limitation of space, repeated intricate and infinite patterns in an ordered symmetry and wove abstract symbols into dense ornamentation.
The figurative was combined with the geometric and floral with the arabesque. The usual procedure adopted by the weaver is to draw his designs and transfer them to graph paper on which each square represents a single knot.
Then the paper is divided into varying parts depending on whether the pattern is intended for the centre medallion or for a part os a repeated pattern. these sheets of paper are then passed on to the knotting workshop.
The other manner followed by the weavers of Kashmir and Amritsar is the 'Talim' which demands time and experience. A coded colour chart indicates the number of knots to be woven in their respective colours. The master-weaver reads aloud from it and the weavers follows his directions carefully. The colours and number of knots to be woven are indicated by signs.
The master-weaver winds the warp around the loom and begins chanting the 'Talim' and the knitters chant their reply after carrying out the instruction.










Weaving the Magic of Creativity

The loom gives shape to the carpet-weaver's creative expressions.
One of the most commonly used loom in India is the roller-beam loom. The simplest of these looms has two horizontal wooden beans between which the wrap threads are stretched, the one beam in front of the weaver, the other is behind the first. As the knotting proceeds, the carpet is rolled to the back of the loom. The weaver begins by weaving a selvedge and several shoots of weft are passed to form a narrow band to secure the knots at the end of the carpet.
The Indian carpet weaver uses the asymmetrical or Persian knot which is tied with a strand of Yarn around two adjacent warp threads, leaving some threads free at either side for the lateral selvedges. Each knot is separated from its neighbour by a loop that is cut after the next shoot of weft. this knot is also called the 'two-handed knot' as it can be executed both from right to left and from left to right. The process is more widespread as it is more rapid.


Washing And Finishing

Washing of a carpet is done to bring sheen and lustre, therefore, it is as important as colouring, designing and weaving. this is the final stage of carpet weaving and hence requires a lot of careful handling.
Before washing, the carpet goes through the stage of burning the back of the carpet, rubbing with wired brush and berai to make it even.
Washing is done with water mixed with soap, bleaching powder and other natural chemicals. After washing, the carpet is kept in the sunlight for drying and then it is sent for clipping.
The final appearance of a carpet comes after clipping and chemical finishing. the art of clipping reflects on the emboss like finish in the final carpet.
Finishing is a meticulous process which requires skillful craftsmanship and is done piece by piece in handknotted carpets










MAJOR CARPET PRODUCING CENTRES IN INDIA
Uttar Pradesh :
Varanasi, Bhadohi, Gopiganj, Khamaria, Ghosia, Madhosingh, Mirzapur, Agra, Shahjahanpur.
Jammu & Kashmir :
Srinagar, Baramulla, Anantnag, Jammu, Leh.
Rajasthan :
Jaipur, Bikaner, Tonk.
Punjab : Amritsar.
Haryana : Panipat.
Madhya Pradesh : Gwalior.
Bihar : Obra, Danapur, Madhubani
Himachal Pradesh : Dharmshala.
West Bengal : Dargeeling.
Andhra Pradesh : Elluru and Warangal
Karnataka : Bangalore.
Pondicherry : Pondicherry




Handknotted Woollen Carpets

Handknotted woollen Carpets from India speak eloquently of the superb workmanship. Their design and colour schemes have their own independent logic and their own unique magic. The art od weaving carpets has percolated through generations and the Indian craftsmen have been creating the greatest of specimen since the medieval period.
The Indian woollen carpets are inspired by the classical Persian Tradition of motifs to the most modern design. Superior hand-knotting technique, variety of designs, colours and a good number of knots per square inch have made them desired objects to impart a vivid appearance to a home besides adding warmth to it.
The prominent areas which produce woollen carpets are Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Khamaria, Ghosia, Varanasi and Agra in Uttar Pradesh; Amritsar and Pathankot in Punjab and Jaipur in Rajasthan.

Tufted Woollen Carpets

The handmade Tufted Woollen Carpets are produced with the help of tufting guns. A good quality fabric is used for a desired pile density and number of stitches per square inch. The variety of designs and colours used in these carpets make them a feast to one's eyes. Panipat is main carpet producing centre of Tufted Woollen Carpets.


GABBE Woollen Carpets

Hand-knotted Gabbe Woollen Carpets portray a unique tradition of Tribal Design.
The continuity of superb artistic tradition of Tribals have made these carpets a product of a living and thriving art. The raw material composition of these carpets is generally 75% wool and 25% cotton.
Gabbe Woollen Carpets are mainly produced in Bhadohi-Mirzapur region in Uttar Pradesh.

Handmade Woollen Dhurries

Woollen dhurries are one of the least expensive yet very elegant 'Hand-Woven Flat Floor-Coverings'.
Dhurries are just perfect to use anywhere: in a room, in a formal setting, or casually in a balcony echoing its democratic antecedents. Its variety of colours are fast selling and have made them one of the popular floor coverings in the world.
Woollen dhurries are mainly produced in Bhadhohi, Mirzapur, Agra, Jaipur, Panipat and Bangalore

Pure Silk Carpets

Handkotted pure silk Carpets are renowned for suppleness and softness and fine workmanship in the world.
The material composition is 80% silk yarn and 20% cotton yarn with knottage 400 knots and above per square inch. Produced in Kashmir, these carpets display a fine workmanship and intricate designs of a kind.
The designs vary from intricate motifs and patterns inspired from nature to hunting scenes, bird and animal motifs or thematic designs like historical romances.
Staple/Synthetic Carpets

Staple/Synthetic carpets are synthetic handknotted carpets with a feel of silk. These finely knotted carpets (256 knots per square inch) imbibe all the aesthetic characteristics of classical and contemporary designs and colours.
The main carpet producing centre of Staple/Synthetic carpets are Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir), Agra and Gwalior.


Chainstitch Rugs

Decorative handmade embroided floor coverings or Chainstitch Rugs are made of 65% Wool or Silk yarn 35% cotton yarn. Intricate needlework by creating a variety of traditional and modern designs and colours in these rugs reflects a fine craftsmanship of the worker.
They are mainly produced in Kashmir.
Export Criteria of Carpet:

The company will now export its carpet mainly to countries like USA, Canada, Germany and Australia. There are three categories of carpet export:
Manufacturer Exporter
Manufacture Trader
Trader

Manufacturer Exporter

Here the manufacturer exporter procures from importers and then commences to manufacture the products i.e. carpet. This will be a long term business where the delivery of goods could be spread over a full year. It is also the most lucrative as the margin of profit could be as high as 40% and also is backed by letter of credit. However, it also requires lot of planning and quality control is essential.

Manufacturer Trader

The manufacturer trader produces goods not against any firm import order but according to market trend. He stocks his products and sells them to any interested buyers who keep visiting the carpet festivals. These festivals are organized by the Carpet Export Promotion Council (CEPC).

Traders

The trader buys carpets from small contractors as and when he needs it according to the market demand. Here the margin of profit is least as there is hardly any prior investment involved by the trader but the volume of business could be more.
















Procedure To Make Carpets:

My industry will be mainly a manufacture exporter producing firm for its importers with whome it has had business connections. Our aim is to reach those customers who are out of our reach that is mainly customers from countries like USA, Canada, Germany and Australia.

I will visit the carpet fair organized by Carpet Export Promotion Council (CEPC) in New Delhi and meet with new customers and if the deal will be finalized there then we will keep a meeting and according to the needs of customer future production will be planned. New colour trends will be discussed and new designs having greater potential will be decided upon.

Once an order is finalized, procurement of raw material will be made and the designer is called upon to translate the design on graph paper called “NAKSHA” for the weavers. The “NAKSHA” are needed in volume as for each carpet you need a different naksha. Then the raw material, i.e. woolen yarn is out for dyeing as per need. Once the raw material and naksha is ready, it is distributed to the weavers from various weaving branches of the company spread out in villages. Periodic checks by company supervisors are an absolute must in order to maintain quality and consistency. When the weavers brings in the carpet to the factory, it is inspected thoroughly by the directors incharge of production. As written earlier the carpet is then given out to carpet washers who wash the carpet. After washing it has to be design sorted and dipped evenly. If the carpet is crooked then it is straightened by stretching it out in the sun. after all these procedures which takes atleast 15 days, the carpet is ready for final inspection before packing. Each carpet undergoes vigorous inspection before it is finally packed and ready to be shipped.

The Carpet Industry is an unorganized sector where the raw material comprising of wool and cotton are issued to weavers by weight along with design translated on graph paper (where one square represents one knot) which the weavers can read and weave accordingly when the weaving is complete, the weaver brings back the carpet to the manufacturer-exporter company.

However, the work on the carpet is not yet completed. It has to be washed using acids and other chemicals which softens the wool and gives it a silk like feel. Then it has to be dried in the sun. After this its surface is chipped even and the colours sorted out in the design to give it the distinction in design and a smooth surface. Each process is carefully done by hand and involves a large labour force.

Finally the last procedure is packing of the carpets. Normally two three carpets are packed together. First they are rolled together properly and then first it is covered with polythene and then it is covered with jute sheet.

If the carpet is to be exported then proper tag is also tagged with the carpet which is having all the details of carpet like design, rate, lot number etc.

Plant Details:

Plant location plays significant role in success of any industry or firm. Generally while selecting a location for a factory following are the certain points which one should keep in mind while set up of any small scale industry:

Proximity of Raw Material/Suppliers
Nearness of Washing Plot
Nearness of Port
Proximity of Labour
Accessibility of Modes of Transport
Nearness of Market
Chances of Future Expansion

Generally the above criteria is very must to any carpet manufacturer. Now lets see how they are important for my industry:

Proximity of Raw Material/Suppliers:

As we all know that Bhadohi which is situated in the north east of Uttar Pradesh is known as the Carpet City of India therefore that will be the best place for me to start my carpet industry in the carpet city itself. It will be very advantageous for me to choose Bhadohi as there the Carpet Export Promotion Council’s office is there so all the documentation work is possible easily.

Nearness of Washing Plot:

Once the carpet is weaved by the weavers it should be immediately sent to wash therefore its very important to keep in mind that our plant or industry should be near to washing plot and in Bhadohi many such washing plots are there near by to our industry.

Nearness of Port:

Since I am planning to export my carpets to other countries therefore my industry should be near to any Port. Now the nearest port from Bhadohi is of Mumbai. I will send my goods through cargo to Mumbai and then from there it will be directly exported to other countries through ships..

Proximity of Labour:

As Bhadohi is the Carpet City of India therefore no doubt that all the carpet skilled labour will be available to nearby Bhadohi and apart from that they will be cheaper also so I can save my money.

Accessibility of Modes of Transport:

There are too many shipping agents and cargo peoples available in the city Bhadohi so I wont have any transportation problem. It will be easy for me to access trans[port. All the raw material for the manufacture of carpet is available in the city itself so I wont have to go here and there for raw materials I can get it at my doorstep.

Nearness of Market:

As Bhadohi is the carpet city of India, there is a big market of carpet in Bhadohi
With reputed showrooms. I can directly sell my product in local market too.

Chances of Future Expansion:

All the infrastructural and needed facilities required for expansion of carpet industry is available here.

After going through the above criteria one can easily justify that Bhadohi will be the best place for set up of a carpet industry.




















Financial Details:

FINANCIAL PLAN AND BUDGET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Land and Building
1. Land 200 sq. meters Rs. 5,55,000
2. Washing Plot Rental Rs. 2,500 per month
Machines and Equipment
Items Number Cost in Rupees
1. Computer
2. Fax Machine
3. Finishing Machine(Cutter)
4. Clip
5. Handlooms
6. Scissors & needles
7. Office equipment & furniture 1
1
3
20
10
20 22,000
5,000
4,000
45
8,000
125
25,000


55 1,47,400
Staff & Labour (per month)
1. Naksha Designer
2. Assistant Cutter
3. Washing Man
4. Accountant
5. Chartered Accountant
6. Clerk
7. Store-keeper
8. Watchman
9. Worker
10. Supervisor 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
25
2 3,000
1,500
1,800
4,000
8,000
2,500
2,000
1,200
1,400
2,500
38 70,300
Raw Material (per month)
1. Wool and Yarn
2. Dyes and Colour
3. Acids & Chemicals
4. Packing Material 1,50,000
30,000
12,000
2,600
1,94,600
Other Expenditure
1. Power & Rent
2. Repairs, Maintenance & renewals
3. Overseas correspondence & samples freight
4. Telephone and Internet bills
5. Cargo to Mumbai 3,000
1,000

3,500

4,500
6,000
18,000
Working Capital (for 3 months)
1. Staff and Labour
2. Raw materials
3. Other Expenditure 70,300
1,94,600
18,000
2,82,900
Total Investment
1. Building and Washing Plot
2. Machinery and equipment
3. Working capital for 3 months 5,85,000
1,47,400
2,82,900
10,15,300

From the above table it is very clear that to start a carpet business atleast I should have minimum of 10,15,300/- Rs. in my pocket.

In the budget shown above the fixed investment is Rs. 1,47,400/- whereas the working capital is Rs. 2,82,900/-.



















Marketing Strategy of the Industry:

The Indian Carpets are becoming more and more popular in local as well as International market. It has a very bright future. Because of availability of carpets at cheaper rate one can get his or her desired carpets at any time, at reasonable price and wide variety.

As we all know that every product has its Product Life Cycle, similarly my product will also have its life cycle. The first stage of Product Life Cycle is Introduction Stage here the product will be introduced in market keeping in mind that quality of the product that is carpet will be best to its part and along with that the price of the product will be minimum to its cost. Now as soon the product will reach to its Maturity Stage I will try to find various alternatives of substituting components or constituents and selecting the best one after cost benefit analysis without reducing the quality but at reasonable price.

My firm will produce both cheaper as well as sophisticated carpets so that it can be used by both the segment of people that is high and middle class people. To reach the local people I will open an exclusive showroom nearby the market and it will have carpets starting from Rs. 100/- to 30,000/-. There will also be some finest collection of carpet in the showroom so that it can fulfill the desire of high class people.

Apart from selling my product through my own shop I will use different channels of distribution to make available goods in the different market as well as untouched one. For this scientific recruitment and selection of sales professionals is required.

Now to market my product in my own country I have to open offices at various centers of our country. Therefore to market them throughout the nation I will open shops in five major cities of India that is Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Hyderabad.

As discussed earlier that my main aim is to export my goods to different countries therefore for that I have to attend all the fairs that are organized by Carpet Export Promotion Council of India in New Delhi. This year the fair will start from 25th of March to 28th of March 2005. I have already booked a 40 sq. metre shop in that fair to promote my product. It will help me to get order from abroad.

Now for proper monitoring and controlling the marketing activities adequate data’s and information is to be prepared relating to sales and other factors like dealers opinion, customers feedback, strategies of competitors will be analyzed and finding out any deviation relating to our strategy and taking corrective steps. This is continuous process as controlling follows planning management theory.



Drawbacks of Carpet Industry:

The major drawback of Carpet Industry is from the adverse publicity it is receiving on account of Child Labour Employment.the incidence of child lebour as per recent survey done by the Government of India is 6.8% of which 4% are legal child labour. It is legal if a child learns the trade of his father working on the same loom and by the side of his father only. The 2.8% illegal child labour involved in the industry employing over half a million people is far too less but none the less inexcusable, especially in the eyes of the common person of New York or Hamburg whose socio economic conditions are absolutely different viz a viz the conditions prevelant in the sub continent. The industry is contributing to fight this social evil by depositing 0.25% of its export values to the Carpet Export Promotion Council in order to import free basic education to children in the carpet belt and and also to meet any expense on account of rehabilitation of the child labour.
































Potential:

The potential of the carpet industry is immense as the other major carpet producing country. Persia, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Iraq etc. is in turmoil and its production has decreased over the years. The Indian hand made carpet has created its own niche in the international market for its durability, creativity and exquisiteness. It is a status symbol the worldover to own a genuine oriental carpet. And we have our share.







































AFFIDAVIT FOR PERMANENT REGISTRATION
AS
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
F O R M A T
I/We ____________________son/daughter/wife/widow of ____________resident of _____________________________ do hereby solemnly affirm and declare as under:-

1. that I/We have submitted an application dated __________ for permanent registration of the unit as small scale/ancillary/tiny/export oriented unit/Small Scale Service and Business enterprise.

2. that I/We am/are proprietor(s)/partner(s)/Managing Director of the unit whose name and address is given below:-
Name:_____________________________________________
Address:___________________________________________
3. that all particulars furnished in the application form are factual and correct.

4. that the location of the unit does not violate any locational restrictions for the time being in force and that I/we have obtained the necessary locational clearances from the competent authority.

5. that I/we have obtained all the statutory clearances/No Objection Certificates/permission required to carry out the manufacture/activity under the prevalent laws, regulations and rules in force.

6. that I/We have also obtained the necessary registration/licence, wherever required, under the relevant laws, rules or orders, for the time being in force, for carrying out the said industrial activity.

7. that the unit does not require an industrial licence because:
a) the unit employs less than 50/100 workers with/without use of power.
b) the items proposed to be manufactured are reserved for exclusive production in the small scale industries sector.
c) the unit does not manufacture any item which is included in Schedule-II of Notification No. S. O 477 (E) dated 25.7.1991 and is not reserved for exclusive manufacture in the SSI sector as included in Schedule-III of the above notification.
8. That the original value of investment in plant and machinery installed at the unit is within the limits prescribed for tiny/SSI/SSSBE/ancillary/export oriented unit as per existing provisions.

9. That the units not owned or controlled or a subsidiary or any other industrial undertaking in terms of the Notification No. S.O. 2 (E) dated. 1.1.93.

10. That I/We undertake to inform the registering authority within 30 days of the crossing of the investment limits in plant and machinery and submit the registration certificate for cancellation of registration or deletion of relevant endorsements as ancillary/EOU/tiny enterprise/Small Scale Service and Business Enterprise.

11. That I/We understand that if at a future date the said unit does not satisfy any of the conditions laid down in the notification No. S.O.232 (E) dt. 2.4.91, or does not comply with any of the conditions or restrictions for the time being in force, or includes manufacture items that require an industrial licence, then is such an eventuality, I/We shall be liable and required to surrender our registration as a SSI unit.

12. That I/We undertake to inform the Directorate of Industries/Registering authority immediately in case a situation arises as mentioned at para 11 above.

13. That I/We undertake to inform and to keep informed the Directorate of Industries/Registering Authority on all parameters and changes, if any, as required from time to time.
14. That I/We undertake to refund to the Central or State Government any or all financial incentives or benefits given under various schemes of assistance for small scale industries alongwith 18% interest, as may be demanded by the appropriate authority of Central/State Govt, in case it is found that the information or particulars submitted to obtain registration were wrong and fraudulent.

15. That I/We fully understand that we have to comply with the above conditions failing which we are liable for action by the Registering authority for cancellation of the Registration as well as under other relevant provisions of the laws and rules in force.


Signature
DEPONENT
VERIFICATION:
Verified that the contents of the affidavit are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

DEPONENT

Date:
Place:
(*Note) Strike out whichever is not applicable.
CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION
ADDITIONAL SHEET - 1

Registration No.


Date of Issue
Addition/deletion in Plant & Machinery

S.No Name of Machinery Added/deleted Original Value
Rs in '000
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Revised value of investment in Plant & Machinery (S.NO 13)
Change in location (S.No 7)
Change in constitution/type of organisation (S.No 9)



Signature



Date: Name & Designation of Registering Authority






















PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION
The application is accepted for Provisional Registration as a SSI/SSSBE Unit for the manufacture of items/activities as stated in the application form.

Provisional Registration No :

Date of issue :
Category of unit (S. No. 3) : __________________________


Signature
Name & Designation of Registering Authority


1. The endorsed application form is a part of the certificate of registration.
2. The provisional registration is valid for a period of five years from the date of issue.
3. The provisional registration will automatically lapse at the end of the validity period or the date of commencement of production, whichever is earlier.
4. If an applicant/unit is unable to set up the unit within the validity period, the applicant/unit has the option to apply afresh for provisional registration using standard procedure.
5. The provisional registration is given to enable the unit to obtain all acilities/clearance etc. required in the pre-production stage.
6. The provisional registration is subject to any or all conditions that may be imposed by the Registering Authority.



GOVERNMENT OF _________________
DIRECTORATE OF INDUSTRIES
APPLICATION FORM FOR PROVISIONAL REGISTRATION AS
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
(TO BE FILLED IN DUPLICATE)
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Write/type in block (capital) letters.
2. Fill up whichever is applicable.
3. Use English alphabets/Arabic numbers while filling up blocks (to help computerisation). Leave one blank after each word.
4. While filling the form, use the following procedure.
i) Name of the unit e.g. KAMAL ENTERPRISES/G.K ENTERPRISES

K A M A L E N T E R P R I S E S
G K E N T E R P R I S E S
ii) Pin Code: e.g. 110041 1 1 0 0 4 1
iii) Date: e.g. 23rd June 1959 2 3 0 6 5 9
iv) Quantity (kg) e.g. 90 Kg. 0 0 0 0 9 0
v) Amount (Rs in thousands) e.g. Rs. 5000/- 0 0 0 0 5
vi) Fill up appropriate codes in the blocks wherever applicable

Example 1: Yes-1, No-2, NA-3 3
if NA fill up-3
Example 2: Category: SSI-1, Anc-2,
Tiny-3, SSSBE-4,
EOU-5. 3
If Tiny fill up-3
5. Block/boxes marked (*) are to be filled by office.
6. Applicant should sign all copies.
Abbreviations used:
SSI : Small Scale Industries, ANC : Ancillary Industrial Undertaking, SSSBE : Small Scale Service and business enterprise, TINY : Tiny enterprise, EOU : Export Oriented Unit, NA : Not applicable.
FORM
1. Name of the Unit/Applicant.


2. Address for communication.




Tel: Pin Code:
3. Category of Unit
SSI-1, ANC-2, SSSBE-3,
TINY-4, EOU-5.
4. Location:

Place/Town
Tehsil/Taluk
District
State
5. Type of Organisation:
Proprietary-1, Partnership-2, Pvt. Company-3, Cooperative-4,

Others
6. Nature of activity

Manufacturing/Assembly (01)
Processing (02)
Job work (04)
Repairing/Servicing (08)
Note: For any combination of activities, add the respective code to get the required code.
7. Main items of manufacture/activities.

i) Name
Code
ii) Name
Code
iii) Name
Code
iv) Name
Code
v) Name
Code
8. Investment in Fixed Assets (Rs. in ‘000)

i) Land
ii) Building
iii) Plant & Machinery
iv) Other Fixed Assets
TOTAL:
9. Investment in Plant & Machinery

(original value Rs. in ‘000)
Note: Should exclude items whose value is not taken into account while computing the investment. Please enclose project profile in case value of investment in Plant and Machinery exceeds Rs.40 lacs.

10. Power Load H.P.
(1 H.P. = 0.795 K.W) K.W.
11. Employment

i) Management & Office Staff
ii) Supervisory and Workers
12. Date of commencement of production
(estimated)

Date:
Signature of Applicant (Authorised Person)
Name of proprietor/partner/managing director
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY


Application No. NIC Code
Block Code District Code State Code
Location of Unit
(Conforming-1, Non-Conforming-2)
Whether the items of manufacture/activity require an industrial licence.

Yes-1, No-2
(No industrial licence is required for items listed in Schedule II of the licensing notification dated 25.7.1991 if the unit employs less than 50/100 workers with/ without power)






















Bibliography:

Sites Reffered:

www.carpetworld.com

www.cepc.com

www.smallindustryindia.com

www.google.com

www.altvista.com

www.indiamart.com


Magazines and Project Reports Referred:

Carpet –e- world

Carpet Export Promotion Council Report

Project on Small Scale Industry by Vishal K. Gada
 

georgian_2777

New member
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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piyush86

New member
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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Piyush Goyal
 
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Deepika Bhopale

New member
Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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sharmasujit2000

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Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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charu_a

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Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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lalithagarwal

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Re: project on SMALL Scale industries & Marketing Management & Public Relations

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